Genetic Diversity of Bangladeshi Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) over Time and Across Seedling Sources

Witherup, Colby; Zuberi, M. I.; Hossain, Salma; Zerega, Nyree J. C.

doi:10.1007/s12231-019-09452-5

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Until now limited genomic information has been available for the Artocarpus genus as a whole. Microsatellite markers have been used to characterize cultivars and wild relatives of breadfruit [8,19,21,28], jackfruit [29], and other Artocarpus crop species [6,30,31]. Additionally, an assembled and annotated reference transcriptome of A. altilis has been generated [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft Genomes of Two Artocarpus Plants, Jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and Breadfruit (A. altilis)

Sahu

Ling

Yssel

et al. 2019

Genes

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Two of the most economically important plants in the Artocarpus genus are jackfruit (A. heterophyllus Lam.) and breadfruit (A. altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg). Both species are long-lived trees that have been cultivated for thousands of years in their native regions. Today they are grown throughout tropical to subtropical areas as an important source of starch and other valuable nutrients. There are hundreds of breadfruit varieties that are native to Oceania, of which the most commonly distributed types are seedless triploids. Jackfruit is likely native to the Western Ghats of India and produces one of the largest tree-borne fruit structures (reaching up to 45 kg). To-date, there is limited genomic information for these two economically important species. Here, we generated 273 Gb and 227 Gb of raw data from jackfruit and breadfruit, respectively. The high-quality reads from jackfruit were assembled into 162,440 scaffolds totaling 982 Mb with 35,858 genes. Similarly, the breadfruit reads were assembled into 180,971 scaffolds totaling 833 Mb with 34,010 genes. A total of 2822 and 2034 expanded gene families were found in jackfruit and breadfruit, respectively, enriched in pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, and others. The copy number of several starch synthesis-related genes were found to be increased in jackfruit and breadfruit compared to closely-related species, and the tissue-specific expression might imply their sugar-rich and starch-rich characteristics. Overall, the publication of high-quality genomes for jackfruit and breadfruit provides information about their specific composition and the underlying genes involved in sugar and starch metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft Genomes of Two Artocarpus Plants, Jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and Breadfruit (A. altilis)

Sahu

Ling

Yssel

et al. 2019

Genes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Until now only limited genomic information has been available for the Artocarpus genus as a whole. Microsatellite markers have been used to characterize cultivars and wild relatives of breadfruit [8,19,21,28], jackfruit [29], and other Artocarpus crop species [6,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft Genomes of two Artocarpus plants, Jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and Breadfruit (A. altilis)

Sahu¹,

Liu²,

Yssel

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Two of the most economically important plants in the Artocarpus genus are jackfruit (A. heterophyllus Lam.) and breadfruit (A. altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg). Both species are long-lived trees that have been cultivated for thousands of years in their native regions. Today they are grown throughout tropical to subtropical areas as an important source of starch and other valuable nutrients. There are hundreds of breadfruit varieties that are native to Oceania, of which the most commonly distributed types are seedless triploids. Jackfruit is likely native to the western Ghats of India and produces one of the largest tree-borne fruit structures (reaching up to 100 pounds). To date, there is limited genomic information for these two economically important species. Here, we generated 273 Gb and 227 Gb of raw data from jackfruit and breadfruit, respectively. The high-quality reads from jackfruit were assembled into 162,440 scaffolds totaling 982 Mb with 35,858 genes. Similarly, the breadfruit reads were assembled into 180,971 scaffolds totaling 833 Mb with 34,010 genes. A total of 2,822 and 2,034 expanded gene families were found in jackfruit and breadfruit, respectively, enriched in pathways including starch-and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis and others. The copy number of several starch synthesis related genes were found increased in jackfruit and breadfruit compared to closely related species, and the tissue specific expression might imply their sugar-rich and starch-rich characteristics. Overall, the publication of high-quality genomes for jackfruit and breadfruit provides information about their specific composition and the underlying genes involved in sugar and starch metabolism.

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“…They also bear cauliflorous fruit structures, which are edible and much larger than A. annulatus (reaching up to 45 kg in A. heterophyllus). Jackfruit is thought to be native to the western Ghats of India (with a possible secondary center of diversity in Bangladesh) (Witherup et al, 2019). It is grown throughout much of the tropics today.…”

Section: Species Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine different microsatellite primers developed for A. altilis (Witherup et al, 2013) were used following the methods of Witherup et al (2013). These loci previously revealed diversity in the two most closely relatives of A. annulatus: jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and cempedak (A. integer) (Wang et al, 2018;Witherup et al, 2019). The microsatellite regions amplified in this study were all dinucleotide repeats: MAA26 (black D2 dye), MAA54 (blue D4 dye), MAA105 (black D2 dye), MAA122 (green D3 dye), MAA140 (blue D4 dye), MAA156 (green D3 dye), MAA182 (blue D4 dye), MAA178 (green D3 dye), and MAA196 (black D2 dye).…”

Section: Genetic Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of studying and conserving A. annulatus has broad implications beyond karst systems, as the genetic diversity of crop wild relatives can prove a useful source of novel traits (Lobell et al, 2008). The economic and food value of its cultivated close relatives, cempedak and jackfruit, are likely to increase, as they grow in tropical regions where food insecurity is high, and provide greater local autonomy in food production systems (Ford-Lloyd et al, 2011;Jones et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2018;Witherup et al, 2019). As agriculture adapts to climate change, long-lived tree crops may play an increasingly important role in the global diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangeredArtocarpus annulatus,a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus)

Dickinson

Noble

Gardner

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia can harbor high levels of endemism, but are highly fragmented, increasingly threatened, and their biodiversity is often poorly studied. This is true of the Padawan Limestone Area of Sarawak, Malaysia, home to the endemic Artocarpus annulatus, the closest known wild relative of two important and underutilized fruit tree crops, jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and cempedak (A. integer). Identifying and conserving crop wild relatives is critical for the conservation of crop genetic diversity and breeding. In 2016 and 2017, five A. annulatus populations were located, and leaf material, locality information, and demographic data were collected. Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity and structure among populations, and to compare levels of genetic diversity to closely related congeneric species. Results indicate no evidence of inbreeding in A. annulatus, and there is no genetic structure among the five populations. However, diversity measures trended lower in seedlings compared to mature trees, suggesting allelic diversity may be under threat in the youngest generation of plants. Also, genetic diversity is lower in A. annulatus compared to closely related congeners. The present study provides a baseline estimate of A. annulatus genetic diversity that can be used for comparison in future studies and to other species in the unique limestone karst ecosystems. Considerations for in situ and ex situ conservation approaches are discussed.

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Genetic Diversity of Bangladeshi Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) over Time and Across Seedling Sources

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Draft Genomes of Two Artocarpus Plants, Jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and Breadfruit (A. altilis)

Draft Genomes of Two Artocarpus Plants, Jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and Breadfruit (A. altilis)

Draft Genomes of two Artocarpus plants, Jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and Breadfruit (A. altilis)

Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangeredArtocarpus annulatus,a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus)

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