Genetic Diversity of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabicaL.) in Nicaragua as Estimated by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Abstract

Coffea arabica L. (arabica coffee), the only tetraploid species in the genus Coffea, represents the majority of the world's coffee production and has a significant contribution to Nicaragua's economy. The present paper was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of arabica coffee in Nicaragua for its conservation and breeding values. Twenty-six populations that represent eight varieties in Nicaragua were investigated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 24 alleles were obtained from the 12 loci investigated across 260 individual plants. The total Nei's gene diversity (H T) and the within-population gene diversity (H S) were 0.35 and 0.29, respectively, which is comparable with that previously reported from other countries and regions. Among the varieties, the highest diversity was recorded in the variety Catimor. Analysis of variance (AMOVA) revealed that about 87% of the total genetic variation was found within populations and the remaining 13% differentiate the populations (F ST = 0.13; P < 0.001). The variation among the varieties was also significant. The genetic variation in Nicaraguan coffee is significant enough to be used in the breeding programs, and most of this variation can be conserved through ex situ conservation of a low number of populations from each variety.

Analisis Kekerabatan Genetik Kultivar Kopi Arabika Berbuah Kuning dan Berbuah Merah Berdasarkan Marka SSR

“…Nilai kesamaan genetik mengindikasikan rendahnya keragaman genetik antar kultivar, dan umumnya memiliki keragaman genetik lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kopi Robusta. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Geleta et al (2012) dan Lashermes et al (1999) yang menyatakan keragaman genetik dari kopi Arabika lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kopi Robusta, disebabkan oleh basis genetik yang sempit terkait dengan sifatnya menyerbuk sendiri, serta sejarah evolusi dan proses domestikasinya.…”

“…merupakan satu-satunya spesies dari genus Coffea yang termasuk ke dalam tanaman tetraploid (2n=2x=44) dan bersifat menyerbuk sendiri (Geleta, Herrera, Monzon, & Bryngelsson, 2012). Berdasarkan hibridisasi in situ secara genomik menunjukkan C. arabica berasal dari persilangan antara C. eugenioides dan C. canephora (Lashermes et al, 1999).…”

“…Beberapa peneliti telah membuktikan keefektifan marka SSR dalam analisis keragaman genetik kopi Arabika. Geleta et al (2012) berhasil mengelompokkan 26 populasi kopi Arabika di Nikaragua menjadi 5 kelompok berdasarkan marka SSR, sedangkan Teressa et al (2010) berhasil membagi 133 kultivar kopi Arabika menjadi 2 grup. Grup pertama terdiri atas kultivar kopi yang berasal dari Ethiopia dan kedua beranggotakan kultivar kopi yang sudah dibudidayakan.…”

Genomic studies of biochemical compounds determining arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) quality

“…The correlation of genetics with geography/origin clearly shows in some studies (Aga et al, 2003;López-Gartner et al, 2009;Silvestrini et al, 2007) but not in the others (Anthony et al, 2001;Dessalegn et al, 2008b;Geleta et al, 2012). In the most recent work presented in the World Coffee…”

“…The second group (accessions/introgression/hybrids) shows low to significant variation, more diverse in the introgressed lines (Dessalegn et al, 2009;Dessalegn et al, 2008b;Geleta et al, 2012;Lashermes et al, 2000a;Teressa et al, 2010;Tessema et al, 2011). The last group, in which one may expect to see the most diversity, has diversity ranging from low (Aerts et al, 2012;Anthony et al, 2001;Dessalegn et al, 2008b) to moderate (Aga et al, 2003) to high (Silvestrini et al, 2007).…”