Genetic Diversity in Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.)

Okoli, CC; Shilling, Donn G.; Smith, R. L.; Bewick, Thomas

doi:10.1006/bcon.1996.0490

Cited by 48 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Irrespective of herbicide resistance, these results and observations demonstrate the existence of wide genetic variation in these biotypes. Phenological plasticity based on quantitative traits (e.g., date of emergence, date of first flowering, and plant height) have been reported for yellow nutsedge biotypes in California (Holt 1994;Okoli et al 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, genetic diversity studies on yellow nutsedge collected from different geographical locations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods (e.g., randomly amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD] analysis), also suggested seed as a source of infestation (Okoli et al 1997). Seeds are extremely dormant when produced, but dormancy can be broken by several months of incubation at 25 C (Holm et al 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibitor Resistance in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): II—Physiognomy and Photoperiodic Response

et al. 2015

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Yellow nutsedge is one of the most problematic weedy sedges in rice-soybean systems of the Mississippi Delta region. An acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting, herbicide-resistant (Res) yellow nutsedge biotype was recently documented in eastern Arkansas, which showed intermediary growth habit between yellow nutsedge and purple nutsedge and also exhibited differential photoperiodic sensitivity to flowering. The objectives of this study were to: (a) determine variation in reproductive characteristics of the Res biotype and three susceptible (Sus) yellow nutsedge biotypes, (b) understand the influence of photoperiod on growth and reproduction, (c) understand the potential role of seeds in population establishment, and (d) elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between the Res yellow nutsedge biotype and purple nutsedge. Tuber production per plant and tuber weight of the Res biotype were less than that of the Sus biotypes. Differences in quantitative traits, such as shoot and tuber production existed between the Res and Sus biotypes for photoperiods ranging from 12 to 16 h. Generally, photoperiods greater than 12 h increased shoot development in all yellow nutsedge biotypes, with differential responses among the biotypes. Number of tubers reached the maximum for the Res biotype at a 14-h photoperiod. Over a 90-d period, inflorescence formation was only observed in the Res biotype with maximum flowering and seed production in the 14-h photoperiod. Subsequent tests revealed up to 18% seed germination, suggesting that seed could also play a role (in addition to tubers) in the persistence and spread of the Res yellow nutsedge. Phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and mitochondrial nad4 gene intergenic spacer sequences indicated that the Res biotype was more closely associated with Sus yellow nutsedge biotypes. Nevertheless, 100% similarity for the nad4 gene sequences between the Res yellow nutsedge biotype and a reference purple nutsedge suggests that the Res biotype is likely a result of hybridization between yellow and purple nutsedges, which perhaps explains the intermediary growth characteristics observed in the Res biotype. Nomenclature: Purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L.; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L.; rice, Oryza sativa L.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibitor Resistance in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): II—Physiognomy and Photoperiodic Response

et al. 2015

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“…Ecotypes with different morphological characteristics have been reported (Ranade & Burns 1925; Wills 1998), as were genetic variation through allozyme analysis (Horak et al. 1987; Rodrigues Da Silva et al 2000), RAPD analysis (Okoli et al 1997; Casimero et al 1999; Perreira et al 2000), and sesquiterpene chemotypes (Komai & Tang 1989; Komai & Ueki 1981; Komai et al 1991). However, the sprouting response of purple nutsedge ecotypes to various environmental factors has not been reported.…”

Section: Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting

Nishimoto

2001

Weed Biology and Management

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Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) tubers remain viable for several years and serve as its principal means of survival. The maintenance of high moisture content is essential to tuber survival. Apical dominance influences bud dormancy within a tuber and in a chain of tubers, and dormancy increases with tuber age. Several growth inhibitors were identified in tubers, but their role in tuber dormancy has not been established. Moisture levels in soil must increase to a critical level before sprouting occurs, but excess soil moisture deters sprouting. Oxygen may be a limiting factor for tuber sprouting in waterlogged soils. Although light is not a requirement for sprouting, it has promoted sprouting. Temperature regulates sprouting; no sprouting occured below 10°C and above 45°C. Optimum sprouting occurred between 25 and 35°C when provided with constant temperatures. However, daily alternating temperatures greatly stimulated sprouting. A daily short duration (0.5 h) of high temperature increased sprouting to nearly 100%, whereas less than 50% sprouting occurred without the daily high temperature pulse. Bud break occurred readily for most tubers at 20°C and in nearly 100% of the tubers with a single 0.5 h exposure to a high temperature (35°C) pulse. However, most buds did not elongate if the tuber remained at 20°C. Bud elongation occurred at higher temperatures, and daily alternating temperatures stimulated shoot elongation up to eightfold greater than at the respective mean constant temperatures. Daily soil temperature fluctuation may be a major signal for purple nutsedge emergence, such as when the plant canopy is removed, or when soils are solarized. Future research is needed to determine tuber sprouting for different ecotypes, and on the role of the rhizome chain. Systems to manipulate sprouting may provide new strategies for purple nutsedge management.

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“…Large morphological variations have been reported within the species of C. rotundus among accessions found in the USA and among other accessions from around the world (Wills, 1998). However, studies using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis within the species have shown genetic variation in samples from around the world, but not necessarily in accessions from the continental USA (Okoli et al. , 1997; Tayyar et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterisation of the first microsatellite markers for Cyperus rotundus

Arias

Molin²,

Ray³

et al. 2011

Weed Research

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SummaryThis is the first report of microsatellite markers for Cyperus rotundus. A total of 191 sequence-specific microsatellite markers were isolated and used to screen 12 accessions of C. rotundus and one accession of Cyperus esculentus collected from 10 different countries. Polymorphisms were observed in 49% of the markers tested, 22% of the markers were monomorphic and 29% had weak or no amplification. The best 57 markers are reported, and cluster analysis was used to analyse their resolving power. BLASTx screening of the contig sequences was also performed. Multiallelic loci over all samples ranged from 24% to 60%. The maximum number of alleles detected by the markers suggests a polyploidy nature of all C. rotundus accessions tested, except for the sample N25-Brazil. Chromosome number was determined for N12-Taiwan and used as an internal flow cytometry standard to estimate the amount of DNA within haploid nuclei of the remaining material. Chromosome numbers estimated for C. rotundus were 16 and 24. The markers identified in this study can be used for the identification of biotypes and detection of potential crosses of C. rotundus, to implement management practices for the effective control of this weed.

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Genetic Diversity in Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.)

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibitor Resistance in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): II—Physiognomy and Photoperiodic Response

Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibitor Resistance in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): II—Physiognomy and Photoperiodic Response

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting

Isolation and characterisation of the first microsatellite markers for Cyperus rotundus

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