Genetic diversity in early maturity Chinese and European elite soybeans: A comparative analysis

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is a legume crop important for global food security due to supplying high-quality vegetable protein and oil. China is the origin and rich center of soybean genetic diversity represented by numerous landraces and other genetic resources. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, world-wide dissemination of plant introductions laid the foundation of modern soybean production. Due to selection for regional adaptation, present-day elite soybean cultivars do have a comparatively narrow genetic base. However, as genetic variation is the major component of future breeding progress, diversity of early maturity Chinese and European elite soybeans was comparatively analyzed using a high-throughput functional SNP array and an SSR marker set. Results revealed a clear differentiation between Chinese and European elite cultivars, and the level of genetic diversity was similar between the two populations. Both in Chinese and European cultivars, unique SSR alleles were found which indicates that selection for specific adaptation can preserve genetic variation. The European population was markedly structured by maturity groups which was less clear in the Chinese population. Structure analysis indicated that European cultivars are based on two major ancestral lines, whereas Chinese elite soybean cultivars trace back to more ancestral lines pointing to the rich natural soybean diversity of China. The results confirm that long-term selection under divergent environmental and agronomic conditions can produce specific diversity which could potentially be utilized for future enhancing both Chinese and European soybean breeding.

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Active Accumulated Temperature versus Flowering Time in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

“…Our study employed 140 elite Chinese and European early-maturity soybeans to mine the key gene related to the active accumulated temperature. The genotype panel was well structured and the diversity of the collection ranged widely [13]. An area was identified upstream of the E1 locus at chromosome 6, which contained 16 genes.…”

“…A set of 140 early-maturity soybean varieties was collected for the present study (see descriptive information in Supplementary Table S1, and Yao et al 2023) [13]. The total set consisted of 63 Chinese (CN) and 77 European (EU) elite cultivars.…”

“…Young leaf tissue was collected from each accession, and total genomic DNA was isolated using the CTAB method. After that, all samples' DNA was genotyped by ZDX 1, which was the same as Yao's method [13]. The ZDX 1 [13] was designed by COMPASS BIOTECH-NOLOGY (Beijing Compass Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) and the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.…”

Molecular analysis of Karawang local soybean genotypes with national superior varieties based on SSR analysis

“…The white flower Karawang local variety is planted in paddy fields in Tamanmekar Village, Pangkalan District, Karawang Regency, West Java Province According which is located at an altitude of 85 meters above sea level and the soil type is Grumosol (BP3K Pangkalan District, 2010). The climate type for Tamanmekar Village, Pangkalan District, Karawang Regency is type C (Slightly Wet) (Yao et al, 2023;Gholivand et al, 2021a). The plant materials of this research were 144 soybean genotypes from different ripening groups (early, medium and late) which were obtained from the Biogen Research Institute gene bank.…”

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Soybean Collection Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

“…Several studies have confirmed that SSR markers are a convenient tool to identify genetically diverse soybean breeding materials and broaden the genetic background of available germplasm [25]. The genetic diversity associated with PH is particularly interesting because it influences various agronomic traits, including lodging resistance, light interception, and nutrient utilization [12,25,26]. Additionally, identifying SSR markers associated with PH and yield can contribute to the development of high-yielding soybean cultivars by facilitating a marker-assisted selection (MAS) approach [12].…”