Genetic diversity and population structure in Vitis species illustrate phylogeographic patterns in eastern North America

Abstract

Geographical distribution and diversity of current plant species have been strongly shaped by climatic oscillations during the Quaternary. Analysing the resulting divergence among species and differentiation within species is crucial to understand the evolution of taxa like the Vitis genus, which provides very useful genetic resources for grapevine improvement and might reveal original recolonization patterns due to growth habit and dispersal mode. Here, we studied the genetic structure in natural populations of three species from eastern North America: Vitis aestivalis, V. cinerea and V. riparia using different marker types. Vitis aestivalis and V. cinerea showed higher diversity than V. riparia. The two former species are less differentiated, confirming an earlier divergence of V. riparia. V. aestivalis and V. riparia exhibited different genetic groups on both sides of the Appalachian Mountains that could mirror different recolonization routes from southern refugia. Genetic structure was stronger in V. cinerea, for which two varieties (var. berlandieri and var. cinerea) are morphologically recognized. Our results confirm this distinction and suggest the existence of three other lineages within var. cinerea. These discontinuities appear linked to adaptation of var. berlandieri to dry and limy areas of Texas and partially to the Mississippi River Valley. Rapid range expansions from refugia upon climate warming are also suggested by the low linkage disequilibrium values observed. Furthermore, large variation for downy mildew resistance was observed in the three species. Our findings appeared consistent with the vegetation history of eastern North America.

Exploring genetic diversity and population structure of a large grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm collection in Türkiye

“…( Žulj Mihaljević et al., 2020 ) and D’Onofrio ( D’Onofrio, 2020 ). In line with our study, the expected heterozygosity value obtained from biallelic SNP markers ( Ghaffari et al., 2014 ; De Lorenzis et al., 2019 ; Cunha et al., 2020 ) was lower than that of the studies which used multiallelic markers such as SSRs ( Augusto et al., 2021 ; Péros et al., 2021 ; Cretazzo et al., 2022 ).…”

Biotechnologies and Strategies for Grapevine Improvement

“…Since their discovery, different molecular markers, such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) [45], random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) [46], sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) [47,48], simple sequence repeats (SSRs) [31,49], inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) [50,51], amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) [52], single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [53], expressed sequence tags (ESTs) [54,55], and random amplified microsatellite polymorphisms (RAMPs) [56] have been widely used for the genetic diversity characterization of grapevine cultivars, molecular mapping, parentage analysis, clone's identification, and the detection of synonymies.…”

Dissecting the genetic architecture of root-related traits in a grafted wild Vitis berlandieri population for grapevine rootstock breeding

“…Broad genetic diversity has been observed in American Vitis species (Péros et al 2021 ), but the various genetic backgrounds have yet to be explored. In association studies, the high level of genetic diversity in wild populations and the large numbers of recombination events occurring over many generations can be used to narrow down the positions of loci tightly linked to the trait of interest.…”