Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Anaplasma

Battilani, Mara; Arcangeli, Stefano; Balboni, Andrea; Dondi, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.021

Cited by 148 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…Based on specific genetic markers, the presence of a wide variety of A. phagocytophilum variants associated with particular groups of hosts was found to circulate in wildlife and ticks in Europe [19, 95, 130, 131]. Cervids are suggested to be the main reservoir hosts, whereby roe deer probably maintain specific strains that are not pathogenic for humans or domestic livestock while red deer could be reservoirs for strains associated with disease in domestic ruminants [26, 104, 106].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia

et al. 2018

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BackgroundFree-living ungulates are hosts of ixodid ticks and reservoirs of tick-borne microorganisms in central Europe and many regions around the world. Tissue samples and engorged ticks were obtained from roe deer, red deer, fallow deer, mouflon, and wild boar hunted in deciduous forests of south-western Slovakia. DNA isolated from these samples was screened for the presence of tick-borne microorganisms by PCR-based methods.ResultsTicks were found to infest all examined ungulate species. The principal infesting tick was Ixodes ricinus, identified on 90.4% of wildlife, and included all developmental stages. Larvae and nymphs of Haemaphysalis concinna were feeding on 9.6% of wildlife. Two specimens of Dermacentor reticulatus were also identified. Ungulates were positive for A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was found to infect 96.1% of cervids, 88.9% of mouflon, and 28.2% of wild boar, whereas Theileria spp. was detected only in cervids (94.6%). Importantly, a high rate of cervids (89%) showed mixed infections with both these microorganisms. In addition to A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp., Rickettsia helvetica, R. monacensis, unidentified Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis”, Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) and Babesia venatorum were identified in engorged I. ricinus. Furthermore, A. phagocytophilum, Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. were detected in engorged H. concinna. Analysis of 16S rRNA and groEL gene sequences revealed the presence of five and two A. phagocytophilum variants, respectively, among which sequences identified in wild boar showed identity to the sequence of the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria 18S rRNA gene sequences amplified from cervids and engorged I. ricinus ticks segregated jointly with sequences of T. capreoli isolates into a moderately supported monophyletic clade.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that free-living ungulates are reservoirs for A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. and engorged ixodid ticks attached to ungulates are good sentinels for the presence of agents of public and veterinary concern. Further analyses of the A. phagocytophilum genetic variants and Theileria species and their associations with vector ticks and free-living ungulates are required.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3068-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia

et al. 2018

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“…A novel Anaplasma species is currently defined based on phylogenetic analyses involving the 16S rRNA, gltA , and groEL , with a new species having a lower sequence identity and a divergent phylogenetic position relative to established Anaplasma species (48–51). A core genome alignment constructed using 30 Anaplasma genomes yielded a 20 kbp alignment, 1.4% of the average input genome size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Core Genome Alignments to Assign Bacterial Species

Chung

Munro²,

Hotopp

2018

Preprint

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17With the exponential increase in the number of bacterial taxa with genome sequence data, a new 18 standardized method is needed to assign bacterial species designations using genomic data that is 19 consistent with the classically-obtained taxonomy. This is particularly acute for unculturable obligate 20 intracellular bacteria like those in the Rickettsiales, where classical methods like DNA-DNA hybridization 21 cannot be used to define species. Within the Rickettsiales, species designations have been applied 22 inconsistently, often obfuscating the relationship between organisms and the context for experimental 23 results. In this study, we generated core genome alignments for a wide range of genera with classically 24 defined species, including Arcobacter,

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“…In this study, we demonstrated the presence in France of the new species A. capra on two 161 new hosts. New studies are required, to examine its zoonotic ability, as non-zoonotic genetic variants may exist as described in the case of A. phagocytophilum [1,3]. Diagnostic methods, 163 especially molecular ones, should take into account the potential infection of animals and humans 164 with this species, as molecular tools are often designed to specifically detect A. phagocytophilum.…”

Section: Persistence Of a Capra 105mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bacteria are mainly transmitted by ixodid ticks and multiply both in the invertebrate and 37 vertebrate hosts [1]. The genus Anaplasma includes 6 recognized species (A. phagocytophilum, A.…”

Section: Introduction 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 bovis, A. centrale, A. marginale, A. ovis and A. platys) responsible for anaplasmosis worldwide on a 39 large range of wild and domesticated vertebrates [1]. One species, A. phagocytophilum, described in 40 1994 in the USA as the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), is now increasingly 41 detected worldwide [1]. In 2015, a second zoonotic and new species, proposed as A. capra, was 42 described in humans in China [2].…”

Section: Introduction 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

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First detection and molecular identification of the zoonoticAnaplasma caprain deer in France

Jouglin¹,

Blanc

Cotte³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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13Cervids are known to be reservoir of zoonotic tick-transmitted bacteria. The aim of this study was 14 to perform a survey in a wild fauna reserve to characterize Anaplasma species carried by captive red 15 deer and swamp deer. Blood from 59 red deer and 7 swamp deer was collected and analyzed over a 16 period of two years. A semi-nested PCR that targets the 23S rRNA was performed to detect and 17 characterise Anaplasma spp. and determine zoonotic species presence. Anaplasma phagocytophilum 18 was identified in 14/59 deer (23.7%) but not in swamp deer. Few sequences could not be assigned 19to any particular species based on the 23S rRNA sequences. Nested PCR targeting 16S rRNA, gltA 20 and groEL genes and sequencing analysis detected a recently reported zoonotic species, Anaplasma 21 capra in red deer as well as in swamp deer. This is the first reporting of the tick-borne zoonotic 22 bacterium A. capra in France, a species otherwise described only in China and Japan, in goats, 23sheep, deer and japanese serows. Even if this bacterium may have been introduced in the Park with 24 infected imported animals, its local epidemiological cycle through tick transmission seems possible 25 as locally born deer were found infected. Diagnostic methods, especially molecular ones, should 26 take into account the potential infection of animals and humans with this species. 27 28 Keywords : Anaplasma capra, zoonotic tick-borne bacteria, red deer, swamp deer, 23S rRNA, 16S 29 rRNA, groEL, gltA 30 31 32

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Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Anaplasma

Cited by 148 publications

References 196 publications

Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia

Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia

Using Core Genome Alignments to Assign Bacterial Species

First detection and molecular identification of the zoonoticAnaplasma caprain deer in France

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