Genetic diversity and hierarchical population structure of a rare autotetraploid plant, <i>Aster kantoensis</i> (Asteraceae)

Maki, Masayuki; Masuda, Mitsutoshi; Inoue, Ken

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12710.x

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The two smallest populations, LC2a and RC1b, possessed respectively intermediate (H ϭ 0.205) and high (H ϭ 0.279) levels of genetic variability. A similar lack of correlation between population size and genetic variation has been reported in other investigations (e.g., Maki, Masuda, and Inoue, 1996) and likely reflects overriding historical factors belied by present-day populations sizes. It is interesting to note that the two largest and least variable populations of A. macrocarpa both are relatively isolated and somewhat outlying.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The value of data on genetic variation for conservation of rare species has gained increasing recognition (Falk and Holsinger, 1991), motivating numerous recent investigations of diversity for allozymes and other molecular polymorphisms in such species (e.g., Godt and Hamrick, 1996;Maki, Masuda, and Inoue, 1996;McDonald and Hamrick, 1996;Odasz and Savolainen, 1996;Smith and Pham, 1996;Arft and Ranker, 1998). While the tendency is for rare and/or endemic species to possess low levels of genetic variation as compared to widespread congeners (e.g., Purdy and Bayer, 1995;Godt and Hamrick, 1996) or to seed plants in general (Hamrick et al, 1991), less commonly rare species possess high levels of genetic variability (Ranker et al, 1994;Lewis and Crawford, 1995;Smith and Pham, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the tendency is for rare and/or endemic species to possess low levels of genetic variation as compared to widespread congeners (e.g., Purdy and Bayer, 1995;Godt and Hamrick, 1996) or to seed plants in general (Hamrick et al, 1991), less commonly rare species possess high levels of genetic variability (Ranker et al, 1994;Lewis and Crawford, 1995;Smith and Pham, 1996). The potential causes of differential amounts of genetic variation among rare plants are numerous, although all are related to effective population size, and predominantly of an historical nature that may not easily be ascertained (reviewed by Barrett and Kohn, 1991;Maki, Masuda, and Inoue, 1996;Smith and Pham, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels and patterns of genetic variation in the endangered speciesAbronia macrocarpa(Nyctaginaceae)

Williamson

Werth

1999

American J of Botany

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Genetic variation was evaluated in the federally endangered species Abronia macrocarpa (large-fruited sand-verbena), an herbaceous perennial restricted to deep sandy soils and endemic to three counties of east-central Texas. Seven of the ten known populations were sampled and analyzed using starch gel electrophoresis of eight enzymes coded by 18 interpretable loci. Duplicate gene expression was observed for four loci, suggesting polyploid ancestry for the lineage that includes A. macrocarpa. Values for estimators of genetic polymorphism within populations (ranges: P = 38.9%-61.1%, A = 1.7-2.1, H = 0.122-0.279) exceeded average values for seed plants (P = 34.2%, A = 1.53, H = 0.113). Genotype proportions at most loci in most populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, consistent with obligate outcrossing previously documented for this species; exceptions could be attributed to population substructure. Values of F(ST) tended to be high, ranging from 0.021 to 0.481 for individual loci (mean F(ST) = 0.272), indicating substantial divergence and limited gene flow among populations, despite their close geographic proximity. Pairwise values of Nei's genetic identity between populations ranged from 0.799 to 0.975 and tended to be influenced by geographic proximity of population pairs. Collectively, these data suggest a long history of isolation among populations that have not been subjected to bottlenecks. Isolation of A. macrocarpa populations apparently results from the disjunct occurrence of suitable habitat and perhaps has been accentuated by human disturbance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels and patterns of genetic variation in the endangered speciesAbronia macrocarpa(Nyctaginaceae)

Williamson

Werth

1999

American J of Botany

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“…Prior to carrying out such conservation measures, however, the genetic components of seed populations must also be considered. Moreover, as A. kantoensis populations are different among different river systems (Maki et al 1996), interchanging respective seeds should be avoided.…”

Section: Conservation Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of conservation measures to protect the Japanese endangered plant species Aster kantoensis

Inoue

Kuramoto

Maki

et al. 1998

Ecological Research

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To identify the factors responsible for degrading the habitat of the endangered plant species Aster kantoensis, as well as the vulnerable life stage where this occurs, we carried out sowing experiments. Two natural habitats were simulated, being situated along the floodplains of the Tama River in central Japan. Seeds collected from a natural habitat were sown in two apparently suitable locations (Tomoda and Ishida sites). Germination, survival, growth, and seed production were subsequently monitored from 1993 through to 1997. The Tomoda site was a gravel bar in floodplains formed by flooding in 1991, while the Ishida site (two plots) was one gravel bar where several plants were growing sparsely and another where a population had become extinct in 1992. Seed cohorts completed their life cycle within 3 years at the Ishida site and within 5 years at the Tomoda site. Monitored parameters at Ishida were substantially lower than those at Tomoda. In addition, estimates of population growth indicated an increase at Tomoda and a rapid decrease at Ishida. However, degradation of habitats seemed to occur at Tomoda over the monitored periods. In view of our results, we conclude that natural germination of about 0.13% is needed for increasing population size. The major factors for decreasing population size are believed to be the lack of safe sites for germination and seedling establishment in old habitats (> 10 years). Conservation measures are suggested based on these findings.

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“…In addition to population size and gene flow, historical events can play a major role in determining genetic diversity and the genetic structure of populations. For example, irrespective of its population size, a recently established population tends to have lower genetic diversity because such populations are generally founded by a relatively small number of individuals and have not yet accumulated genetic diversity by gene flow from other populations or by mutation (Maki, Masuda & Inoue, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allozyme diversity and history of distribution expansion in the maritime perennial plant Hedyotis strigulosa (Rubiaceae), distributed over the wide latitudes in the Japanese Archipelago

Maki

Matsumua

Yamashiro

2008

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Allozyme diversity was examined in 30 populations of the maritime perennial plant Hedyotis strigulosa var. parviflora, which is distributed from subtropical islands to the central mainland of Japan. Genetic diversity within populations tended to be larger in southern island populations than in northern mainland populations. In the southern part of the distribution, the population size is generally large and populations are distributed more continuously than in the northern area, resulting in the larger effective size of southern populations as a whole. These factors play a major role in maintaining greater genetic diversity in the southern populations. By contrast, genetic diversity in the northern populations is very low, probably resulting from bottlenecks of population establishments during recolonization from refugial area to the northern areas. Geographically close populations were located near each other in the multidimensional scaling and the phenogram based on genetic distances, suggesting that gene flow among remote populations is rather limited. The pattern of genetic diversity in H. strigulosa var. parviflora is likely caused by the distribution expansion of the species; in the last glacier era, the species was restricted to the southern area; its advance to the northern area is relatively recent. Another variety endemic only to the Daito Islands, H. strigulosa var. luxurians, has lower genetic diversity than H. strigulosa var. parviflora and has genetically diverged from H. strigulosa var. parviflora.

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Genetic diversity and hierarchical population structure of a rare autotetraploid plant, Aster kantoensis (Asteraceae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Levels and patterns of genetic variation in the endangered speciesAbronia macrocarpa(Nyctaginaceae)

Levels and patterns of genetic variation in the endangered speciesAbronia macrocarpa(Nyctaginaceae)

Identification of conservation measures to protect the Japanese endangered plant species Aster kantoensis

Allozyme diversity and history of distribution expansion in the maritime perennial plant Hedyotis strigulosa (Rubiaceae), distributed over the wide latitudes in the Japanese Archipelago

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