Genetic diversity and haplotype distribution of Pachymeniopsis gargiuli sp. nov. and P. lanceolata (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) in Korea, with notes on their non‐native distributions

Abstract

The red alga Pachymeniopsis lanceolata, formerly known as Grateloupia lanceolata, is a component of the native algal flora of northeast Asia and has been introduced to European and North American waters. It has been confused with a cryptic species collected from Korea and Italy. Our analyses of rbcL, cox3 and ITS from P. lanceolata and this cryptic species has revealed two distinct entities, forming a clade, which were clearly separated from its congeners and positioned with other Asian species. Here, we describe the cryptic species as P. gargiuli sp. nov., a species that differs from others by molecular sequence and subtle anatomical characters. We hypothesize that P. gargiuli may have been recently dispersed by anthropogenic vectors, possibly at or near the same time as was P. lanceolata. Our cox3 data set revealed that one haplotype of P. gargiuli, shared between Korea and Italy, and two haplotypes of P. lanceolata, commonly occurring in Korea and USA, are invasive haplotypes. This is the first report of the utility of the mitochondrial coding cox3 sequences in red algae.

Molecular barcoding confirms the presence of exotic Asian seaweeds (Pachymeniopsis gargiuliandGrateloupia turuturu) in the Cantabrian Sea, Bay of Biscay

“…MSK 2013-14 (KJ648553, KF475723) from Korea. All these sequences formed a monophyletic clade together, apart from the highly related G. lanceolata (which has been synonymised with Pachymeniopsis lanceolata (K. Okamura) Y. Yamada ex S. Kawabata (Kim et al, 2014) (Fig. 4).…”

“…5) clearly showed the correct identity since samples from this study showed 100% identity with sequences of P. gargiuli (KJ125446, KJ214447), a recently described species closely related to P . lanceolata as described by Kim et al (2014).…”

“…P. gargiuli is also considered cryptic for P. lanceolata , sharing many morphological characteristics as well as distribution area in Korea (Kim et al, 2014). Samples of this species were detected in Italy (Wilkes, Morabito & Gargiulo, 2006) and, in the Canary Islands, initially identified as P. lanceolata (EU024819) (García-Jiménez et al, 2008), and also in the Madeira Islands at least since 2006; P. lanceolata was described, but only via morphological analysis (Ferreira et al, 2012).…”

“…Grateloupia C. Agardh is the largest, least characterized and most taxonomically fluctuating genus of the family Halymeniaceae, with many poorly characterized species that display a wide array of morphological traits ranging from pinnate to subdichotomous to foliose morphologies (Guiry & Guiry, 2015; Kim et al, 2014). Recent studies (Gargiulo, Morabito & Manghisi, 2013) have resulted in a continued taxonomical rearrangement of this genus, including reinstatement of the genera Pachymeniopsis Y. Yamada ex S. Kawabata (Kawaguchi, 1997), Prionitis J. Agardh (Wang et al, 2001), Dermocorynus H. Crouan et P. Crouan (Wilkes, Mcivor & Guiry, 2005) and Phyllymenia J. Agardh (De Clerck et al, 2005b).…”

DNA-barcoding and Species Identification for some Saudi Arabia Seaweeds using rbcL Gene

“…Identification of seaweeds based on morphology is a classical method, so DNA-based molecular techniques have increasingly been used for taxonomical identification. These studies interested mainly on the use of DNA sequences to elucidate taxonomic and systematic issues (Kim et al 2014). Among these techniques DNAbarcoding where a short piece of DNA is used to distinguish between species.…”