Genetic diversity and evolution of Hare Calicivirus (HaCV), a recently identified lagovirus from Lepus europaeus

Droillard, Clément; Lemaitre, Evelyne; Chatel, Marina; Quéméner, Agnès; Briand, François-Xavier; Guitton, Jean-Sébastien; Marchandeau, Stéphane; Pendu, Jacques Le; Eterradossi, Nicolas; Gall-Reculé, Ghislaine Le

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104310

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The detected nucleotide diversity (around 18%) did not appear to be related to the year or location of sample collection. Thus, the lack of more extensive sampling should be the likely cause of this genetic diversity hitherto highlighted (Droillard et al, 2020;Mahar et al, 2019 and our observations).…”

Section: Vp60mentioning

confidence: 64%

Widespread occurrence of the non‐pathogenic hare calicivirus (HaCV Lagovirus GII.2) in captive‐reared and free‐living wild hares in Europe

Cavadini

Molinari

Merzoni

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Section: Vp60mentioning

confidence: 64%

Widespread occurrence of the non‐pathogenic hare calicivirus (HaCV Lagovirus GII.2) in captive‐reared and free‐living wild hares in Europe

Cavadini

Molinari

Merzoni

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…With the broader host tropism conferred by the GI.2 capsid, there is increased potential for the emergence of novel epizootic lagovirus variants through both intragenotypic and intergenotypic recombination. Hares are known to carry their own, presumed benign, caliciviruses [16–18, 31, 33, 73–79]. Indeed, the first intergenotypic lagovirus recombinants were recently reported from Germany [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As surveillance efforts and technologies improved, non-pathogenic GI.3 (RCV-E1) and GI.4 (RCV-A1, RCV-E2) lagoviruses were identified in the 1990s, first in Europe [10][11][12][13] and then in Australia [14] and New Zealand [15]. Non-pathogenic hare lagoviruses (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.5; HaCV) have also been reported more recently, in 2014 in Europe [16][17][18] and 2019 in Australia [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent intergenotypic recombination between the non-structural and structural genes is a major driver of epidemiological fitness in caliciviruses

Mahar

Jenckel

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The diversity of lagoviruses (Caliciviridae) in Australia has increased considerably. By the end of 2017, five variants from three viral genotypes were present in populations of Australian rabbits, while prior to 2014 only two variants were known. To understand the interactions between these lagovirus variants we monitored their geographical distribution and relative incidence over time through a landscape-scale competition study, and from this, revealed potential drivers of epidemiological fitness. Within three years of the arrival of GI.1bP-GI.2 (RHDV2) into Australia, we observed the emergence of two novel recombinant lagovirus variants, GI.4eP-GI.2 (4e-recombinant) in New South Wales and GI.4cP-GI.2 (4c-recombinant) in Victoria. Although both novel recombinants contain the non-structural genes from benign, rabbit-specific, enterotropic viruses, these variants were recovered from the livers of both rabbits and hares that had died acutely. This suggests that determinants of host and tissue tropism for lagoviruses are associated with the structural genes, and that tropism is intricately connected with pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the 4c-recombinant emerged independently on multiple occasions, with five distinct lineages observed. Both new recombinant variants replaced the previous dominant parental RHDV2 in their respective geographical areas, despite sharing an identical or near-identical (i.e., single amino acid change) major capsid protein with the parental virus. This suggests that epidemiological fitness of these recombinants was not driven by antigenic variation in the capsid, implicating the non-structural genes as key drivers of epidemiological fitness. Molecular clock estimates place the GI4.e recombination event in early to mid-2015, while the five GI.4c recombination events occurred from late 2015 through to early 2017. The emergence of at least six viable recombinant variants within a two-year period highlights an unprecedented frequency of these events, detectable only due to intensive surveillance, and demonstrates the importance of recombination in lagovirus evolution.

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Section: European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus (Ebhsv) Gii1 and Hare Calicivirus (Hacv) Gii2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of hare caliciviruses (HaCV) GII.2 related to EBHSV have further shown the large diversity and complexity that exists for this genera of virus [129][130][131][132]. HaCV has been detected in duodenum or faeces of healthy hares in Italy, France, Austria, Germany and Australia (also weakly detected in liver) [129][130][131][132][133]. The virus is considered to be non-pathogenic based the health status of animals from which the samples were obtained and the target organ, however, virulence phenotypes have not been published.…”

Section: European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus (Ebhsv) Gii1 and Hare Calicivirus (Hacv) Gii2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Disease in Lagomorphs: A Molecular Perspective

Dalton¹,

Podadera²,

Alonso³

et al. 2021

Lagomorpha Characteristics

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Our understanding of molecular biology of the viruses that infect lagomorphs is largely limited to the leporipoxvirus myxoma virus (MYXV) and the lagoviruses rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) that infect the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) respectively. Thanks to the great effort of historic surveillance studies and careful sample archiving, the molecular evolution of these viruses is being resolved. Although historically considered viruses that cause species specific diseases recent reports show that several lagomorphs may now face the threat of these maladies. The driving factors behind these changes has not been determined and the effect of these species jumps on lagomorph populations has yet to be seen. Lagomorphs are also affected by several other lesser studied viral diseases. In addition, recent metagenomic studies have led to the identification of novel lagomorph viruses the importance of these to lagomorph health remains to be fully determined. In this chapter we summarize molecular aspects of viruses that infect lagomorphs, paying particular attention to recent interspecies infections.

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Genetic diversity and evolution of Hare Calicivirus (HaCV), a recently identified lagovirus from Lepus europaeus

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Widespread occurrence of the non‐pathogenic hare calicivirus (HaCV Lagovirus GII.2) in captive‐reared and free‐living wild hares in Europe

Widespread occurrence of the non‐pathogenic hare calicivirus (HaCV Lagovirus GII.2) in captive‐reared and free‐living wild hares in Europe

Frequent intergenotypic recombination between the non-structural and structural genes is a major driver of epidemiological fitness in caliciviruses

Viral Disease in Lagomorphs: A Molecular Perspective

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