Genetic diversity and effect of temperature and pH on the growth of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from sunflower fields in Hungary

Abstract

The effects of temperature and pH on the growth of 45 Hungarian Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from different locations and hosts were compared on the basis of their genetic diversity. One Spanish and two Serbian isolates were also included in the experiment. The most favourable temperature regimes for the development of the isolates ranged between 25 and 35°C. The optimal pH for the pathogen varied between 4.0 and 6.0, but growth was observed on potato dextrose agar even at pH values of 3.0, 7.0 and 8.0. RAPD analysis with 13 different primer pairs generated 148 unambiguous bands. RFLP analysis involving 8 different restriction endonucleases was performed on a 1550 bp fragment of the rDNA region containing internal transcribed spacers (ITS1, ITS2), the 5.8S rDNA and part of the 25S rDNA. The greatest genetic distance values were obtained for three isolates, two from Hungary and one from Spain, which had similar values, but were quite distinct from all the others. A strong positive correlation was observed between the genetic distances and the growth parameters measured at various temperatures, and between the geographical data and the growth data sets at different pH values, but the correlation was less strong in the latter case. While Hungarian M. phaseolina populations are thought to reproduce clonally, the present results indicate the coexistence of different haplotypes in this area, and besides the geographical dominance of a given haplotype it was found that a closer genetic relationship might exist between spatially distinct haplotypes.

Genetic and biological characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. causing crown and root rot of strawberry

“…The results obtained in this study from comparing M. phaseolina isolates from strawberries grown in Chile and Spain are consistent with the findings of other authors reporting optimal temperature for mycelial growth between 30 and 35 °C (Csöndes et al, 2012;Sexton et al, 2016). We detected differences between Spanish and Chilean M. phaseolina isolates.…”

“…However, Chilean M. phaseolina isolates had a lower optimal temperature. These variations may be explained by the geographic origin (Csöndes et al, 2012;Sexton et al, 2016), as soil temperatures may have led to the selection of individuals who were adapted to local conditions. In Chile, the average soil temperature is between 27 and 29 °C at the peak of production during the growing season (www.agromet.cl).…”

Diseases of Edible Oilseed Crops

“…It is widespread throughout Latin America, Eastern and Southern Africa, Egypt, West Asia, Middle East including Iran and Turkey (Habib et al 2007, Mahmoud and Budak 2011, Ijaj et al 2012, and South Asia, more particularly in Pakistan (Khan 2007). With change in climate, the diseases are also reported to occur in the otherwise relatively cooler regions of the United States (Gulya et al 2002, Ullah et al 2011, Weems et al 2011 and Europe (Sarova et al 2003, Bokor 2007, Veverka et al 2008, Csondes et al 2012. Crop loss estimates are available to the extent of 64% in the Krasnodar region of Russia, 46% in India , and 90% in Pakistan (Khan 2007).…”

Effect of temperature on Rhizoctonia bataticola and dry root rot in chick pea

“…The results of Cesondes et al, (2012) also showed that the cultures were well grown at 20ºC, their colony size on the 3rd day were 14 times larger than at 10 and 15ºC. Lesions on roots many, new roots generally free from lesions >7 -9…”