Genetic Diversity and Domestication History in Pyrus

Volk, Gayle M.; Cornille, Amandine

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11048-2_3

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our study revealed the role of gene flow and human practices in natural and anthropogenic divergence processes of an emblematic fruit tree in the Caucasus. Our results are consistent with those reported for other woody perennials, including apricots (Groppi et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2019), olive (Besnard et al, 2018;Diez et al, 2015), pears (Volk & Cornille, 2019;Wu et al, 2018), or date palms (Flowers et al, 2019). This study also supports the view that domestication of fruit trees was likely a geographically diffuse and protracted process, involving multiple, geographically disparate origins of domestication (Groppi et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that Iran, with its close proximity to Central Asia -the center of origin of emblematic fruit trees -and its historic position on the Silk Trade Routes, is a possible secondary center of domestication of apple, grape and apricot (Decroocq et al, 2016;Liang et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019). However, inferences of the natural and anthropogenic divergence history of wildcrop fruit tree complexes in the Caucasus have been limited by the small number of samples (Decroocq et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2019) and/or genetic markers investigated so far (Amirchakhmaghi et al, 2018;Asanidze, Akhalkatsi, Henk, Richards, & Volk, 2014b;Cornille et al, 2013a;Gharghani et al, 2010;Myles et al, 2011;Volk & Cornille, 2019;Vouillamoz et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of an additional wild contributor, Malus orientalis Uglitzk., to the genome of cultivated apple varieties in the Caucasus and Iran

Bina

Yousefzadeh

Venon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Anthropogenic and natural divergence processes in crop-wild fruit tree complexes are less studied than in annual crops, especially in the Caucasus, a pivotal region for plant domestication. We investigated anthropogenic and natural divergence processes in apples in the Caucasus from using 26 microsatellite markers amplified on 508 wild and cultivated samples. We found two specific Iranian cultivated populations that were differentiated from Malus domestica, the standard cultivated apple worldwide, suggesting a specific local domestication process in Iran. Some Iranian apple cultivars belonged to the Caucasian wild apple gene pools, indicating that farmers also use local wild apple for cultivation. Substantial wild-crop and crop-crop gene flow were also inferred. We identified seven genetically differentiated populations of wild apples (Malus orientalis) in the Caucasus. Niche modeling indicated that these populations likely resulted from range changes linked to the last glaciation. This study pinpoints Iran as a key region in the evolution and domestication of apple and further demonstrates the role of gene flow during fruit tree domestication as well as the impact of climate change on the natural divergence of a wild fruit tree. The results also provide a practical base for apple conservation and breeding programs in the Caucasus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of an additional wild contributor, Malus orientalis Uglitzk., to the genome of cultivated apple varieties in the Caucasus and Iran

Bina

Yousefzadeh

Venon

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Given the forced heterozygosity at the S-locus, the detection of a single amplicon (Table S2, Supplementary Materials) implied the presence of additional alleles that were undetected suggesting the occurrence of sequence diversity represent various stages of hybridization between P. pyraster and P. communis [32]. Such close genetic proximity of the wild accessions to most of the LVs could also be explained by their wide use as rootstock to propagate selected varieties, as well as increase plant vigor and adaptability in different pedoclimatic conditions [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering S-RNase Allele Patterns in Cultivated and Wild Accessions of Italian Pear Germplasm

Bennici

Guardo

Distefano

et al. 2020

Forests

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The genus Pyrus is characterized by an S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system, a mechanism that promotes outbreeding and prevents self-fertilization. While the S-genotype of the most widely known pear cultivars was already described, little is known on the S-allele variability within local accessions. The study was conducted on 86 accessions encompassing most of the local Sicilian varieties selected for their traits of agronomic interest and complemented with some accessions of related wild species (P. pyrifolia Nakai, P. amygdaliformis Vill.) and some national and international cultivars used as references. The employment of consensus and specific primers enabled the detection of 24 S-alleles combined in 48 S-genotypes. Results shed light on the distribution of the S-alleles among accessions, with wild species and international cultivars characterized by a high diversity and local accessions showing a more heterogeneous distribution of the S-alleles, likely reflecting a more complex history of hybridization. The S-allele distribution was largely in agreement with the genetic structure of the studied collection. In particular, the “wild” genetic background was often characterized by the same S-alleles detected in P. pyrifolia and P. amygdaliformis. The analysis of the S-allele distribution provided novel insight into the contribution of the wild and international cultivars to the genetic background of the local Sicilian or national accessions. Furthermore, these results provide information that can be readily employed by breeders for the set-up of novel mating schemes.

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“…The genus Pyrus is believed to have originated in Central Asia, the mountainous regions 2 of 15 of western and southern China, from Asia Minor to India, and further diversified and moved both in eastern and western directions from the primary center of origin [3]. Today, species from this genus are naturally distributed in Europe, temperate Asia, and the mountainous area of northwest Africa [4,5]. With many ecological and human-related beneficial properties, all pear species are considered to be noble hardwood species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Diversity of Almond-Leaved Pear (Pyrus spinosa Forssk.) along Eastern Adriatic Coast

Vidaković

Liber

Šatović

et al. 2021

Forests

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Almond-leaved pear (Pyrus spinosa Forssk., Rosaceae) is a scientifically poorly researched and often overlooked Mediterranean species. It is an insect-pollinated and animal-dispersed spiny, deciduous shrub or a small tree, with high-quality wood and edible fruits. The aim of the study was to assess the phenotypic diversity of almond-leaved pear in the eastern Adriatic region. The examination of phenotypic diversity was based on a morphometric analysis of 17 populations using ten phenotypic traits of leaves. Varieties of multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the within- and among-population diversity. In addition, the Mantel tests were used to test the correlations between geographic, environmental, and phenotypic differences among populations. High phenotypic variability was determined both among and within the studied populations. Leaf-size-related traits proved to be the most variable ones, in contrast to more uniform leaf shape traits. Furthermore, three groups of populations were detected using multivariate statistical analyses. The first group included trees from northern- and southernmost populations characterized by high annual precipitation. However, the trees from the second and third group were highly overlapped without a clear geographical pattern. In addition, we revealed that both environmental and geographical interactions proved to be responsible for the patterns of phenotypic variation between almond-leaved pear populations, indicating significant isolation by environment (IBE) and isolation by distance (IBD) patterns. Overall, our results provide useful information about phenotypic diversity of almond-leaved pear populations for further conservation, breeding, and afforestation programs.

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Genetic Diversity and Domestication History in Pyrus

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Evidence of an additional wild contributor, Malus orientalis Uglitzk., to the genome of cultivated apple varieties in the Caucasus and Iran

Evidence of an additional wild contributor, Malus orientalis Uglitzk., to the genome of cultivated apple varieties in the Caucasus and Iran

Deciphering S-RNase Allele Patterns in Cultivated and Wild Accessions of Italian Pear Germplasm

Phenotypic Diversity of Almond-Leaved Pear (Pyrus spinosa Forssk.) along Eastern Adriatic Coast

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