Genetic diversity and clonal relatedness of Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from hemorrhagic septicemia’s cases in common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) farms

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine molecular typing and comparison analysis of 24 Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the diseased fish with hemorrhagic septicemia in freshwater ponds and cage in Mosul and Duhok cities, Iraq. A total of 24 A. hydrophila isolates that were collected from various fish ponds and cage, were used in this study. Identification of isolates was made by the standard microbiological and molecular methods. ERIC-PCR was done with different primers to establish the genetic relationship between strains. ERIC-PCR typing showed that 24 strains of A. hydrophila were classified into 11 ERIC types (genotypes). Genotypes 9 and 7 represented the most prevalent clone. All A. hydrophila strains that were isolated from the same fish were genetically diverse. There was minimal genetic similarity between some strains which were retrieved from the same geographical source area. Also, some isolates from different geographic source area were showed a 100% genetically similar. Aeromonas hydrophila was genotypically heterogeneous and clonally dispersed among different fish ponds and cage in Mosul and Duhok cities, Iraq. Besides, one fish can be infected with more than one strains of A. hydrophila.

Multidrug-resistant and clonal dispersion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from ready-to-eat meat products in Duhok province, Iraq

“…5'-AAGTAAGTGACTGGGGTGAGCG-3') designated by Versalovic et al (23) were amplified in all ETEC isolated strains using the ERIC PCR reaction. The PCR mixture and program conditions were applied according to Taha (24). As mentioned above, the amplicons were identified through agarose gel electrophoresis in the PCR verification of E. coli isolates section.…”

Risk Factors of Clonally Related, Multi, and Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients

“…The stock preparations were done in brain heart infusion broth (Lab M, UK) with 25% (v/v) glycerol added. The broth was kept at −20°C [ 21 ].…”

Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; A Neglected Nosocomial Pathogen in the Veterinary Field as a Source of Human Infection

“…Finally, all isolates were confirmed by amplification of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA using applying the Realtime PCR. Then ,The bacterial stocks were stored at -20°C using "brain heart infusion broth (Lab M, UK)" that enhanced with 30% glycerol [17].…”

“…For the detection of clonally related strains of A. baumannii and identification of variants, "ERIC-PCR" was applied, using specific sequences of universal ERIC primers "(ERIC1: 5'-ATGTAAGCTCCTGGGGATTCAC-3' and ERIC2: 5'-AAGTAAGTGACTGGGGTGAGCG-3')" that previously performed by Ahmed [23]. The technique of ERIC-PCR was achieved in a total volume of 25 μl, comprising 12.5 μl of "hot start master mix" (Addbio, Korea), 2 μl (10 pmol/µl) of each primer, 2 μl (30-100 ng/ μl) of DNA template and 6.5 μl of "nuclease-free water (Addbio, Korea) [17]. The "PCR system 9700 GeneAmp (Applied Biosystems, USA)" was used to perform the ERIC PCR.…”