Genetic diversity analysis in the traditional and improved ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) clones cultivated in North-East India

Sajeev, Sudha; Roy, Aniruddha; Iangrai, Banshanlang; Pattanayak, A.; Deka, Bidyut C.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.01.024

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The high genetic diversity among rice varieties in the NE Indian region could be attributable to combined effect of wide eco-geographical conditions, diverse agro-ecosystems associated with various rice farming practices and diverse human cultural preferences. High genetic diversity is also reported for other crop plants such as Zingiber officinale (Sajeev et al 2011), Chilli (Yumnam et al 2012), Curcuma species (Das et al 2011), Citrus species (Hazarika 2012) commonly cultivated in NE India, highlighting the importance of the region for germplasm conservation of many crop plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Genetic structure and diversity of indigenous rice (Oryza sativa) varieties in the Eastern Himalayan region of Northeast India

2013

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The Eastern Himalayan region of Northeast (NE) India is home to a large number of indigenous rice varieties, which may serve as a valuable genetic resource for future crop improvement to meet the ever-increasing demand for food production. However, these varieties are rapidly being lost due to changes in land-use and agricultural practices, which favor agronomically improved varieties. A detailed understanding of the genetic structure and diversity of indigenous rice varieties is crucial for efficient utilization of rice genetic resources and for developing suitable conservation strategies. To explore the genetic structure and diversity of rice varieties in NE India, we genotyped 300 individuals of 24 indigenous rice varieties representing sali, boro, jum and glutinous types, 5 agronomically improved varieties, and one wild rice species (O. rufipogon) using seven SSR markers. A total of 85 alleles and a very high level of gene diversity (0.776) were detected among the indigenous rice varieties of the region. Considerable level of genetic variation was found within indigenous varieties whereas improved varieties were monoporphic across all loci. The comparison of genetic diversity among different types of rice revealed that sali type possessed the highest gene diversity (0.747) followed by jum (0.627), glutinous (0.602) and boro (0.596) types of indigenous rice varieties, while the lowest diversity was detected in agronomically improved varieties (0.459). The AMOVA results showed that 66% of the variation was distributed among varieties indicating a very high level of genetic differentiation in rice varieties in the region. Two major genetically defined clusters corresponding to indica and japonica groups were detected in rice varieties of the region. Overall, traditionally cultivated indigenous rice varieties in NE India showed high levels of genetic diversity comparable to levels of genetic diversity reported from wild rice populations in various parts of the world. The efforts for conservation of rice germplasm in NE India should consider saving rice varieties representing different types with specific emphasis given to sali and jum types. The protection against the loss of vast genetic diversity found in indigenous rice varieties in NE India is crucial for maintaining future food security in the changing world.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-228) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Genetic structure and diversity of indigenous rice (Oryza sativa) varieties in the Eastern Himalayan region of Northeast India

2013

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“…Despite analyzing cultivars sampled from different parts of India, the genetic diversity in ginger was practically nil ( Table 2 ; Supplementary Table S4; Supplementary Figures S1a,b). Certain authors have reported the occurrence of diversity in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in Indian cultivars of ginger (Sajeev et al, 2011) however, the agarose gel pictures of PCR products depicting the patterns of variability between the cultivars used in their study are not provided in such articles for confirmation. Molecular fingerprinting studies indicate that the clonal populations may be a product of recent evolutionary events occurred in sexual populations (Vrijenhoek, 1998; Tucker et al, 2013), and, usually, multiple such events may occur in a species at different occasions, resulting in the emergence of multiple clonal lineages (Vrijenhoek, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses between Reproductive Behavior, Genetic Diversity and Pythium Responsiveness in Zingiber spp. Reveal an Adaptive Significance for Hemiclonality

et al. 2016

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Mode of reproduction is generally considered to have long-range evolutionary implications on population survival. Because sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse genotypes, this mode of reproduction is predicted to positively influence the success potential of offspring in evolutionary arms race with parasites (Red queen) whereas, without segregation and recombination, the obligate asexual multiplication may push a species into extinction due to the steady accumulation of deleterious mutations (Muller’s ratchet). However, the extent of linearity between reproductive strategies, genetic diversity and population fitness, and the contributions of different breeding strategies to population fitness are yet to be understood clearly. Genus Zingiber belonging to the pan-tropic family Zingiberaceae represents a good system to study contributions of different breeding behavior on genetic diversity and population fitness, as this genus comprises species with contrasting breeding systems. In this study, we analyzed breeding behavior, amplified fragment length polymorphism diversity and response to the soft-rot pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum in 18 natural populations of three wild Zingiber spp.: Z. neesanum, Z. nimmonii, and Z. zerumbet, together with the obligately asexual cultivated congener, ginger (Z. officinale). Ginger showed an exceptionally narrow genetic base, and adding to this, all the tested cultivars were uniformly susceptible to soft-rot. Concordant with the postulates of Muller’s ratchet, the background selection may be continuously pushing ginger into the ancestral state, rendering it inefficient in host-pathogen coevolution. Z. neesanum and Z. nimmonii populations were sexual and genetically diverse; however, contrary to Red Queen expectations, the populations were highly susceptible to soft-rot. Z. zerumbet showed a hemiclonal breeding behavior. The populations inhabiting forest understory were large and continuous, sexual and genetically diverse, but were susceptible, whereas populations inhabiting the revenue land were fragmented and monoclonal, but were resistant. It may be possible that, when genetic recombination becomes at a premium due to the genetic constraints imparted by habitat fragmentation or pathogen pressure, Z. zerumbet

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“…The functionality of using randomized amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) has been reported for Z. montanum (Bua-in and Paisooksantivatana, 2010) and Z. officinale (Kizhakkayil and Sasikumar, 2010;Sajeev et al, 2011), inter simple sequence repeats (SSR) for Z. officinale (Kizhakkayil and Sasikumar, 2010) and rice SSR markers as an RAPD marker for Zingiberaceae (Jatoi et al, 2006). The functionality of using randomized amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) has been reported for Z. montanum (Bua-in and Paisooksantivatana, 2010) and Z. officinale (Kizhakkayil and Sasikumar, 2010;Sajeev et al, 2011), inter simple sequence repeats (SSR) for Z. officinale (Kizhakkayil and Sasikumar, 2010) and rice SSR markers as an RAPD marker for Zingiberaceae (Jatoi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular characterization of underutilized medicinal wild ginger (Zingiber barbatum Wall.) from Myanmar

et al. 2011

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Zingiber barbatum Wall. (family Zingiberaceae), is an underutilized medicinal plant and commonly known as 'Meik tha-lin' in Myanmar where it is used in the indigenous system of medicine. In the present study, 19 accessions of Z. barbatum from five provinces in Myanmar have been utilized to characterize and assess genetic diversity. Twenty-nine morphological characters were noted, including growth habit, leaf, pseudo-stem and rhizome characters. Fifteen primer sets of P450-based analogue (PBA) markers were used to reveal molecular characteristics. Of the 29 morphological characters, 22 showed a high degree of variation within wild ginger accessions, whereas 20 of these characters contributed significantly to morphological variation. Eleven amplified primer sets gave a total of 175 bands and exhibited 92.15% polymorphism across Z. barbatum accessions. Based on morphological characters and PBA markers, 19 accessions can be divided into two morphotype groups with comparatively higher genetic diversity. This information can be applied in future crop improvement, proper conservation and better use of this underutilized medicinal species.

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Genetic diversity analysis in the traditional and improved ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) clones cultivated in North-East India

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Genetic structure and diversity of indigenous rice (Oryza sativa) varieties in the Eastern Himalayan region of Northeast India

Genetic structure and diversity of indigenous rice (Oryza sativa) varieties in the Eastern Himalayan region of Northeast India

Analyses between Reproductive Behavior, Genetic Diversity and Pythium Responsiveness in Zingiber spp. Reveal an Adaptive Significance for Hemiclonality

Morphological and molecular characterization of underutilized medicinal wild ginger (Zingiber barbatum Wall.) from Myanmar

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