Genetic Diversity Among some Parental Varieties of Vicia faba L. Using ISSR and SCoT Molecular Marker Techniques

Abstract

This study was executed to evaluate molecular variations among 13 genotypes of Vicia faba from Egypt and Kurdistan of Iraq for use in crop breeding programs in Kurdistan. The genetic relationships have been detected among these genotypes using ISSR and SCoT markers. Ten and twelve primers had successfully generated reproducible polymorphic amplicons that were suitable for studying the genetic variability between studied genotypes. Out of 225 clear amplicons detected, (77 for ISSR and 92 for SCoT were polymorphic) with 70.71 and 70.03 polymorphism %, respectively. SCoT markers provided more discriminating data and were more informative with high UM%, DI, and Rp values (37.0, 0.23, and 3.81, respectively) compared with ISSR markers (25.7, 0.21, and 3.50, respectively). Cluster analysis and PCo analysis based on ISSR-SCoT combined data succeeded in the description of genetic diversity and heterogeneity within studied genotypes. Hence, setting the studied genotypes into four major groups. The first group included check variety only while the second group included sakha1, sakha3 and sakha4, the third group included only Giza843, and the last group contained all other genotypes, including all studied cultivars from Kurdistan. Crosses between divergent genotypes out of these groups may lead to the development of effective breeding strategies in the future. Therefore, we recommend more studies on the genetic improvement of these cultivars and their inclusion in breeding programs in Kurdistan of Iraq due to the significant genetic differences between them.