Genetic divergence at the NAD +‐dependent malic enzyme locus in Atlantic salmon from Europe and North America

Verspoor, Eric; McCarthy, E

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb02521.x

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Molecular genetic analyses revealed consistent differences between farmed and wild populations. Differentiation within and among wild Atlantic salmon populations has been documented using allozymes (e.g., Verspoor and Jordan 1989;Verspoor and McCarthy 1997) and microsatellites (McConnell et al 1995). In many instances, farmed stocks are derived from different rivers and (or) locations with respect to the local wild populations, and some differentiation is to be expected.…”

Section: Genetic and Phenotypic Differences Between Farmed And Wild Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aquaculture on wild fish populations: a synthesis of data

Weir¹,

Grant²

2005

Environ. Rev.

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The potential adverse environmental effects of aquaculture have been the subject of considerable attention in both the media and the scientific literature. We undertook a synthesis of the published scientific literature, primarily concerning Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), to assess the current data available regarding these potential effects. No data are available to test for the direct effects of aquaculture organisms on the demographics of wild fish populations. However, seven studies show that escaped salmon in the wild have lower fitness, as measured by survival and reproductive success, than native salmon. Thirteen other studies, encompassing 91 different traits, provide strong evidence of phenotypic differences between farmed and wild salmon, presumably because of artificial selection in the aquaculture environment. An additional 10 studies have documented significant genetic differences between farmed salmon and the wild fish with which they will interact, or potentially interact. Given the paucity of data regarding actual population consequences of escaped farmed fish on wild populations, and the documented differences between the two types of fish, it seems prudent to treat farmed fish as exotic species with potentially negative consequences for wild populations, particularly when the latter are of conservation concern.Key words: aquaculture, Atlantic salmon, artificial selection, fitness, introgression.

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Section: Genetic and Phenotypic Differences Between Farmed And Wild Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aquaculture on wild fish populations: a synthesis of data

Weir¹,

Grant²

2005

Environ. Rev.

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Genetic diversity among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations

Verspoor

1997

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Population structure in the Atlantic salmon: insights from 40 years of research into genetic protein variation

Verspoor

Beardmore

Consuegra

et al. 2005

Journal of Fish Biology

101

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Electrophoretic studies of proteins remain a primary source of insight into genetic diversity in many species including the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, one of the most culturally and economically important fish species of the North Atlantic region. Since 1966, >350 scientific papers on protein variation have been published encompassing 25 000þ salmon from over 400 locations in >200 river systems across the species' distribution. Variation has been detected at 30% of the 110 protein loci screened, though most studies examine <40. The method has been applied largely to the investigation of population structure and differentiation, but work has also led to the systematic revision of the genus Salmo and remains the primary source of insight into hybridization in the wild with brown trout Salmo trutta. Spatial patterns of differentiation show temporal stability, both within and among river systems, and strongly support structuring of the species into river and tributary specific populations and the designation of European and North American populations as distinct sub-species. They also show widespread regional differentiation within both continents, beyond the marked subcontinental differences between Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean populations in Europe. Most of the differentiation probably reflects gene flow and founder events associated with colonization following the retreat of the glaciers from much of the species' modern range. However, variation at MEP-2* shows strong correlations with environmental temperature, both within and among rivers, and associations with phenotypic performance. This suggests selection is acting on the locus and provides †Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: þ44 (0) 796 472060; fax: þ44 (0) 1796 473523; # 2005 Crown copyright compelling evidence for the local adaptation of populations. Protein studies have led to more population centred management of the species and have been exploited in the discrimination of regional stocks in mixed stock analysis in high seas fisheries, particularly in the Baltic Sea, and as markers for the assessment of stocking success. They have also advanced insight into how the genetic character of populations can be changed in cultivation and the potential impact of salmon aquaculture and stocking on wild populations. The method has been largely superseded by DNA based analyses, but the results remain highly relevant to Atlantic salmon management and conservation and are an irreplaceable data set for studying genetic stability of populations over time. # 2005 Crown copyright

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Genetic divergence at the NAD +‐dependent malic enzyme locus in Atlantic salmon from Europe and North America

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of aquaculture on wild fish populations: a synthesis of data

Effects of aquaculture on wild fish populations: a synthesis of data

Genetic diversity among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations

Population structure in the Atlantic salmon: insights from 40 years of research into genetic protein variation

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