Genetic dissection of bacterial speck disease resistance in tomato

Salmeron, John M.; Rommens, Caius M.; Barker, Susan E.; Carland, Francine M.; Oldroyd, Giles; Mehta, Anand Y.; Dahlbeck, Douglas; Staskawicz, Brian J.

doi:10.1007/bf00022519

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Therefore AvrPto might serve to stabilize only the Pto-Prf interaction; (c) resistance to avrPto-expressing strains of P. s. pv. tomato requires both Pto and Prf (46,69). Stabilization of the Pto protein alone by interaction with AvrPto is insufficient to activate resistance (64); (d ) the abundance of Pto in the plant cell is important, as shown by the intermediate resistance exhibited by Pto heterozygous lines (11).…”

Section: The Affinity-enhancement Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doubling of Pto abundance by expressing it in homozygous condition would increase Ptomediated resistance by increasing the abundance of Pto-Prf complexes that can be stabilized by AvrPto. In addition, overexpression of Pto gives an increased level of avrPto-specific resistance (46); (e) the abundance of Prf in the plant cell also appears to contribute directly to AvrPto-specific resistance (69). When crosses were made between homozygous prf mutants and a tomato line with a homozygous genotype (Pto/Prf, Pto/Prf) to derive F1 plants that were heterozygous for Prf (i.e., Pto/Prf, Pto/prf), many F1 plants derived from 6 different prf mutant alleles showed intermediate resistance ( .…”

Section: The Affinity-enhancement Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MOLECULAR BASIS OF PTO-MEDIATED RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL SPECK DISEASE IN TOMATO

Pedley

Martin²

2003

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

283

248

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The Pto gene in tomato confers gene-for-gene resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causative agent of bacterial speck disease. Pto was first introgressed from a wild species of tomato into cultivated tomato varieties over 60 years ago and is now widely used to control speck disease. Cloning of the Pto gene revealed that it encodes a cytoplasmically localized serine-threonine protein kinase. The molecular basis of gene-for-gene recognition in this pathosystem is the direct physical interaction of the Pto kinase with either of two Pseudomonas effector proteins, AvrPto and AvrPtoB. Upon recognition of AvrPto or AvrPtoB, the Pto kinase acts in concert with Prf, a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein, to activate multiple signal transduction pathways. There has been much progress in understanding the evolutionary origin of the Pto gene, structural details about how the Pto kinase interacts with AvrPto and AvrPtoB, signaling steps downstream of Pto, and defense responses activated by the Pto pathway. Future work on this model system will focus on how the interaction of the Pto kinase with bacterial effector proteins activates signal transduction, defining the specific role of signaling components, and ultimately, determining which host defense responses are most responsible for inhibiting growth of the pathogen and suppressing symptoms of bacterial speck disease.

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Section: The Affinity-enhancement Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Affinity-enhancement Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR BASIS OF PTO-MEDIATED RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL SPECK DISEASE IN TOMATO

Pedley

Martin²

2003

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

283

248

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Wild relatives of tomato provide a source of valuable traits, which can be introgressed into a cultivated tomato. In this sense, natural resistance to pathogens has proven to be useful in the identification of novel immune-related genes 45 , 46 . As referred above, plant resistance to pathogens relies on the recognition of specific pathogen effector molecules by host plant resistance (R) proteins 16 , 47 .…”

Section: Why Is Tomato Interesting To Study Plant Defense Against Biotic Stresses?mentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput sequencing unravels tomato-pathogen interactions towards a sustainable plant breeding

Campos

Félix

Patanita

et al. 2021

Horticulture Research

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most economically important vegetables throughout the world. It is one of the best studied cultivated dicotyledonous plants, often used as a model system for plant research into classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and molecular biology. Tomato plants are affected by different pathogens such as viruses, viroids, fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and nematodes, that reduce yield and affect product quality. The study of tomato as a plant-pathogen system helps to accelerate the discovery and understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance and offers the opportunity of improving the yield and quality of their edible products. The use of functional genomics has contributed to this purpose through both traditional and recently developed techniques, that allow the identification of plant key functional genes in susceptible and resistant responses, and the understanding of the molecular basis of compatible interactions during pathogen attack. Next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS), which produce massive quantities of sequencing data, have greatly accelerated research in biological sciences and offer great opportunities to better understand the molecular networks of plant–pathogen interactions. In this review, we summarize important research that used high-throughput RNA-seq technology to obtain transcriptome changes in tomato plants in response to a wide range of pathogens such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, and nematodes. These findings will facilitate genetic engineering efforts to incorporate new sources of resistance in tomato for protection against pathogens and are of major importance for sustainable plant-disease management, namely the ones relying on the plant’s innate immune mechanisms in view of plant breeding.

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“…The yeast two-hybrid vectors pAS2.1 and pACT2 (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) as well as the small binary vector for plant transformation pCB302-3 (20) were adapted as destination vectors using the protocol from Invitrogen. The resulting vectors had the Gateway attR cassette in the reading frame B and were designated pAS2.1GB, pACT2GB, and pCB302-3GB.…”

Section: Shuffling Of Pto and Homologs-the Paralogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several paralogs can be activated by gainof-function substitutions (18). All phenotypes of Pto, Fen, and gain-of-function variants are Prf-dependent (18,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Analysis of the Plant Disease Resistance Gene Pto Using DNA Shuffling

Bernal

Pan

Pollack

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Pto is a serine/threonine kinase that mediates resistance in tomato to strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato expressing the (a)virulence proteins AvrPto or AvrPtoB. DNA shuffling was used as a combinatorial in vitro genetic approach to dissect the functional regions of Pto. The Pto gene was shuffled with four of its paralogs from a resistant haplotype to create a library of recombinant products that was screened for interaction with AvrPto in yeast. All interacting clones and a representative sample of noninteracting clones were sequenced, and their ability to signal downstream was tested by the elicitation of a hypersensitive response in an AvrPto-dependent or -independent manner in planta. Eight candidate regions important for binding to AvrPto or for downstream signaling were identified by statistical correlations between individual amino acid positions and phenotype. A subset of the regions had previously been identified as important for recognition, confirming the validity of the shuffling approach. Three novel regions important for Pto function were validated by site-directed mutagenesis. Several chimeras and point mutants exhibited a differential interaction with (a)virulence proteins in the AvrPto and VirPphA family, demonstrating distinct binding requirements for different ligands. Additionally, the identification of chimeras that are both constitutively active as well as capable of binding AvrPto indicates that elicitation of downstream signaling does not involve a conformational change that precludes binding of AvrPto, as previously hypothesized. The correlations between phenotypes and variation generated by DNA shuffling paralleled natural variation observed between orthologs of Pto from Lycopersicon spp.

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Genetic dissection of bacterial speck disease resistance in tomato

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

MOLECULAR BASIS OF PTO-MEDIATED RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL SPECK DISEASE IN TOMATO

MOLECULAR BASIS OF PTO-MEDIATED RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL SPECK DISEASE IN TOMATO

High throughput sequencing unravels tomato-pathogen interactions towards a sustainable plant breeding

Functional Analysis of the Plant Disease Resistance Gene Pto Using DNA Shuffling

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