Genetic Differentiation of the Cabo Verde Archipelago Population Analysed by STR Polymorphisms

Fernandes, Ana; Velosa, Rute; Jesús, José; Carracedo, Ángel; Brehm, António

doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00029.x

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The highest weight in the plot is due to the sub-Saharan L lineages and haplogroup U6. The relatively high proportion of African lineage clusters L1-L3, U6, and M1 in Madeira (18.7%) and only 5.1% in the Açores agrees well with previous estimates of African admixture based on HLA and STR markers (Spínola et al 2002;Fernandes et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and A�ores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers

et al. 2003

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We have studied the matrilineal genetic composition of the Madeira and Açores north Atlantic archipelagos, which were settled by the Portuguese in the 15th century. Both archipelagos, and particularly Madeira, were involved in a complex commercial network established by the Portuguese, which included the trading of slaves across the Atlantic. One hundred and fifty-five mtDNAs sampled from the Madeira and 179 from the Açores archipelagos were analysed for the hypervariable segment I (HVS-I), and for haplogroup-diagnostic coding-region RFLPs. The different settlement histories of both groups of islands are well reflected in their present day mtDNA pool. Although both archipelagos show identical diversity values, they are clearly different in their haplogroup content. Madeira displays a stronger sub-Saharan imprint, with haplogroups L1-L3 constituting about 13% of the lineages. Also, the relative frequencies of L sub-clusters in Madeira and mainland Portugal suggests that, at least in part, African presence in Madeira can be attributed to a direct gene flow from West Africa and not via Portugal. A comparison of the genetic composition of these two archipelagos with the Canary Islands, specially taking into account that their European source population was essentially from the Iberian Peninsula, testifies the stronger impact of the North African U6 cluster in the Canaries. This group is present in Madeira at a moderate frequency, but very reduced in the Açores. Nevertheless the recorded introduction of Canary native Guanches, who are characterized by the presence of particular sub-clade U6b1, has left no detectable imprints in the present day population of Madeira.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and A�ores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers

et al. 2003

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“…Excluding E3b, the west African proportion drops to 21% in CVN and to 32% in CVS. The small proportion of sub-Saharan African lineages agrees, on one hand, well with previous data on HLA and STR markers (Spínola et al 2002;Fernandes et al 2003) but contrasts sharply with mitochondrial DNA data in which 90% of the population of Cabo Verde carries sub-Saharan mitochondrial haplogroups . It is less trivial to pinpoint the exact phylogeographic origin of the of E3b, I, J, K, and R1 lineages.…”

Section: Admixture Estimatessupporting

confidence: 48%

“…A strong geographic genetic differentiation within the Archipelago of Cabo Verde has previously been detected by using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear markers (Fernandes et al 2003;Lessa and Rufié 1960;Spínola et al 2002;A. Freitas, A. Brehm, J. Jesus, T. Kivisild, R. Villems, in preparation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Y-chromosome lineages in Cabo Verde Islands witness the diverse geographic origin of its first male settlers

et al. 2003

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The Y-chromosome haplogroup composition of the population of the Cabo Verde Archipelago was profiled by using 32 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers and compared with potential source populations from Iberia, west Africa, and the Middle East. According to the traditional view, the major proportion of the founding population of Cabo Verde was of west African ancestry with the addition of a minor fraction of male colonizers from Europe. Unexpectedly, more than half of the paternal lineages (53.5%) of Cabo Verdeans clustered in haplogroups I, J, K, and R1, which are characteristic of populations of Europe and the Middle East, while being absent in the probable west African source population of Guiné-Bissau. Moreover, a high frequency of J* lineages in Cabo Verdeans relates them more closely to populations of the Middle East and probably provides the first genetic evidence of the legacy of the Jews. In addition, the considerable proportion (20.5%) of E3b(xM81) lineages indicates a possible gene flow from the Middle East or northeast Africa, which, at least partly, could be ascribed to the Sephardic Jews. In contrast to the predominance of west African mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in their maternal gene pool, the major west African Y-chromosome lineage E3a was observed only at a frequency of 15.9%. Overall, these results indicate that gene flow from multiple sources and various sex-specific patterns have been important in the formation of the genomic diversity in the Cabo Verde islands.

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“…It could be due to the already well known importance of Caucasian admixture in the population of Cabo Verde [18] but these traits are quite prevalent in the Mediterranean region, an endemic region for malaria in the past. Further, Santiago Island should have had less contribution from Caucasians as demonstrated before in previous studies with mtDNA [51], Y-chromosome lineages [52] and autosomal STR [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Analysis of malaria associated genetic traits in Cabo Verde, a melting pot of European and sub Saharan settlers

Alves¹,

Machado²,

Silva³

et al. 2010

Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases

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Genetic Differentiation of the Cabo Verde Archipelago Population Analysed by STR Polymorphisms

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and A�ores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers

Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and A�ores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers

Y-chromosome lineages in Cabo Verde Islands witness the diverse geographic origin of its first male settlers

Analysis of malaria associated genetic traits in Cabo Verde, a melting pot of European and sub Saharan settlers

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