Genetic determinants of sports participation and daily physical activity

Beunen, Gastón; Thomis, Martine

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800885

Cited by 143 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The latter disciplines do state that most active play occurs outdoors in both genders (e.g., Sallis et al, 1990;Baranowski et al, 1993) and that # children B3 years or older (and adolescents) are more active than~children and adolescents of the same age (e.g., Armstrong et al, 1990Armstrong et al, , 1991Sallis et al, 1996;Beunen and Thomis, 1999;Bradley et al, 2000). In general, they also find ethnic and socioeconomic ''effects'' in active physical activity (e.g., Sallis et al, 1996), similar to our attributes classes.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Developing meaningful cohorts for human exposure models

Graham

McCurdy

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This paper summarizes numerous statistical analyses focused on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD), used by many exposure modelers as the basis for data on what people do and where they spend their time. In doing so, modelers tend to divide the total population being analyzed into ''cohorts'', to reduce extraneous interindividual variability by focusing on people with common characteristics. Age and gender are typically used as the primary cohort-defining attributes, but more complex exposure models also use weather, day-of-the-week, and employment attributes for this purpose. We analyzed all of these attributes and others to determine if statistically significant differences exist among them to warrant their being used to define distinct cohort groups. We focused our attention mostly on the relationship between cohort attributes and the time spent outdoors, indoors, and in motor vehicles. Our results indicate that besides age and gender, other important attributes for defining cohorts are the physical activity level of individuals, weather factors such as daily maximum temperature in combination with months of the year, and combined weekday/weekend with employment status. Less important are precipitation and ethnic data. While statistically significant, the collective set of attributes does not explain a large amount of variance in outdoor, indoor, or in-vehicle locational decisions. Based on other research, parameters such as lifestyle and life stages that are absent from CHAD might have reduced the amount of unexplained variance. At this time, we recommend that exposure modelers use age and gender as ''first-order'' attributes to define cohorts followed by physical activity level, daily maximum temperature or other suitable weather parameters, and day type possibly beyond a simple weekday/weekend classification.

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supporting

confidence: 77%

Developing meaningful cohorts for human exposure models

Graham

McCurdy

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…We consider this as the most likely scenario. It is known that education, occupation, literacy, and intellectual, social, and physical aspects of lifestyle are affected by both genetic and environmental factors [8,[92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. Also, although clear autosomal dominant genetic contributions have been identified for familial AD, more than 95% of AD is of the sporadic form.…”

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive reserve: Implications for diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease

Scarmeas

Stern

2004

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

207

132

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Epidemiologic evidence suggests that higher occupational attainment and education, as well as increased participation in intellectual, social, and physical aspects of daily life, are associated with slower cognitive decline in healthy elderly and may reduce the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is also evidence from structural and functional imaging studies that patients with such life experiences can tolerate more AD pathology before showing signs of clinical dementia. It has been hypothesized that such aspects of life experience may result in functionally more efficient cognitive networks and, therefore, provide a cognitive reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations of dementia. In this article, we review some of the relevant literature of the noted associations between markers of cognitive reserve and AD and discuss the possible mechanisms that may explain these associations.

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“…Beunen & Thomis, 1999, or Bouchard & Perusse, 1994. Despite the clear heritability of exercise behavior, work on the human genome has only recently implicated specific genes that are related to the motivation to exercise or to the maintenance of exercise behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transdisciplinary model integrating genetic, physiological, and psychological correlates of voluntary exercise.

Bryan¹,

Hutchison²,

Seals³

et al. 2007

Health Psychology

141

146

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Objective-Physical inactivity contributes to as many as 250,000 premature deaths per year (R. R. Pate et al., 1995). The authors' objective was to test a transdisciplinary model of the ways in which genetic variants, physiological factors, and psychological factors are thought to influence exercise with 64 healthy, regular exercisers.Design-In a within-subjects design, psychological and physiological responses to exercise were compared with responses to a sedentary activity.Main Outcome Measures-The authors measured affective state, perceived exertion, heart rate, and temperature change in response to moderate exercise versus sedentary activity. They also quantified genotypes on a single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene.Results and Conclusions-The data show a relation between increases in positive affective states and acute exercise behavior, as opposed to a sedentary control. The BDNF gene moderated the effect of exercise on mood, heart rate, and perceived exertion. Physiological factors were, in turn, related to mood response, and mood response was a significant correlate of motivation to exercise in the future and of current exercise behavior. The model has potential as a framework for the basic study of the genetic, physiological, and psychological processes involved with voluntary exercise and as a tool for the applied examination of tailored exercise interventions and their efficacy for different subsets of individuals. Keywords exercise; transdisciplinary; genetics; physiology; mood Regular physical activity has been implicated in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and of a number of cancers including those of the colon, breast, endometrium, and prostate (Friedenreich, 2001;Kaaks & Lukanova, 2002;Pate et al., 1995). Recent reports estimate that approximately 30% of total cancer deaths are related to poor exercise and nutrition, and when taking into consideration both cardiovascular disease and cancer, that inactivity contributes to as many as 250,000 premature deaths per year (Pate et al., 1995). Despite the fact that the relation between poor exercise habits and morbidity and mortality has been well understood for some time, interventions designed to promote a healthier lifestyle have largely failed to One limitation of prior work in this area is the lack of an overarching theoretical framework that functionally links genetic, physiological, and psychological predictors of exercise behavior. In this research, we propose a transdisciplinary (Rosenfield, 1992) model of the ways in which genetic variants, physiological factors, and psychological factors are thought to influence exercise behavior (see Figure 1). In this broad framework, we hypothesized that the physiological effects (e.g., changes in body temperature, heart rate) of exercise influence the subjective experience of exercise (e.g., changes in mood, perceived exertion, perceived reward), which in turn are important determinants of motivation to exercise (e.g., higher selfefficacy for exer...

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Genetic determinants of sports participation and daily physical activity

Cited by 143 publications

References 36 publications

Developing meaningful cohorts for human exposure models

Developing meaningful cohorts for human exposure models

Cognitive reserve: Implications for diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease

A transdisciplinary model integrating genetic, physiological, and psychological correlates of voluntary exercise.

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