Genetic determinants of lettuce resistance to drop caused by Sclerotinia minor identified through genome-wide association mapping frequently co-locate with loci regulating anthocyanin content

Simko, Ivan; Sthapit Kandel, Jinita; Peng, Hui; Zhao, Rebecca; Subbarao, Krishna V.

doi:10.1007/s00122-023-04421-y

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Several years of testing in an artificially infested field determined that cultivar Eruption has the overall highest level of resistance to lettuce drop from a panel of 492 diverse accessions of L. sativa and four accessions of Lactuca serriola (Simko et al 2023). The current research demonstrated that selection of resistant inbred lines with romaine horticultural characteristics from crosses between a romaine cultivar and 'Eruption' is possible, further substantiating the usefulness of lettuce drop resistance in 'Eruption'.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Currently, no molecular marker assay is publicly available for selecting genotypes with improved resistance to lettuce drop. However, our recent genomewide association study identified 19 QTLs for resistance to S. minor (Simko et al 2023), the most prominent ones originating from 'Eruption'. At least some of these loci can be used to develop assays for marker-assisted selection (Simko et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding Lettuce for Resistance against Sclerotinia minor

Simko,

Subbarao,

Hayes

2023

horts

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Lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor is a damaging disease of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in California. Introgression of partial resistance from wild, primitive, or heirloom accessions into modern cultivars could improve integrated management approaches to the disease. Breeding methods for lettuce drop resistance are not well developed and hinder the development of new lettuce drop–resistant cultivars. The objective of this work was to develop a pedigree-based breeding method for introgression of lettuce drop resistance into modern romaine germplasm. Progeny from crosses between the partially resistant cultivar Eruption and the susceptible romaine cultivars Darkland and Hearts Delight were selected in a modified pedigree breeding scheme. Families were evaluated for disease incidence and selected for lettuce drop resistance in artificially infested field experiments conducted in the summer and fall. Infected plants of partially resistant lines commonly do not produce seed, and therefore selection of resistant plants from infested nurseries is not possible. Noninfested field experiments were used to select individual plants with improved horticultural characteristics for seed production, but from within resistant families only. Evaluation and selection of progeny using this breeding scheme occurred from the F2:3 through the F5:6 generations. In all generations, superior resistance was identified in the ‘Eruption’ × romaine crosses. The breeding scheme generated eight green romaine-type inbred lines with better resistance than the romaine parent and better head weight than ‘Eruption’. Use of the new romaine lines as parents in backcrosses to romaine produced F2:3 families with high levels of resistance. The pedigree method used in this research can be implemented with any source of resistance, but is constrained by the use of family selection and the inability to select individual plants for resistance directly. Breeding schemes that use single seed descent or molecular markers are alternative approaches that would enable selection for resistance on individual genotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Lettuce for Resistance against Sclerotinia minor

Simko,

Subbarao,

Hayes

2023

horts

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“…Though no lettuce accession is known to be immune to LD [58], cv. Eruption was the most resistant from the diversity panel of ~500 accessions tested in multiple field trials [59]. This cultivar carries several resistance loci [60] against LD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firecracker (68%). Genome-wide association mapping results revealed a frequent, nonrandom colocation of loci for anthocyanin content and resistance to LD [59], with ANS being suggested as one of the candidate genes for functional studies to ascertain the involvement of anthocyanins in lettuce resistance to LD. However, cv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical and Agronomic Characterization of High-Flavonoid Lettuce Lines Grown under Field Conditions

Cho,

Gurdon,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Plants

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Flavonoids are antioxidant phytochemicals that confer a beneficial effect on human health. We have previously developed and characterized eight lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) lines that accumulated high levels of diverse flavonoids and their precursors in controlled environment conditions. Three Rutgers Scarlet lettuce (RSL) lines selected in tissue culture for deep-red color (RSL-NAR, RSL-NBR, RSL-NFR) accumulate anthocyanins and quercetin, three lines identified in a chemically mutagenized red lettuce population accumulate kaempferol (KfoA and KfoB) or naringenin chalcone (Nco), and two lines that were spontaneous green mutants derived from the red line RSL-NAR (GSL, GSL-DG) accumulate quercetin. These eight lines were field-grown in the Salinas Valley of California for four years together with seven control accessions of varying colors (light green, dark green, red, and dark red). At market maturity, a substantial variation in plant composition was observed, but the three RSL lines consistently accumulated high levels of cyanidin, GSL and GSL-DG accumulated the highest levels of quercetin, KfoA and KfoB accumulated kaempferol, and Nco amassed naringenin chalcone, confirming that these mutant lines produce high levels of beneficial phytochemicals under field conditions. Mutant lines and control accessions were also assessed for their biomass production (plant weight, height, and width), overall content of pigments (leaf chlorophyll and anthocyanins), resistance to diseases (downy mildew, lettuce drop, and Impatiens necrotic spot virus), postharvest quality of processed tissue (deterioration and enzymatic discoloration), and composition of 23 mineral elements. All but one mutant line had a fresh plant weight at harvest comparable to commercial leaf cultivars; only Nco plants were significantly (p < 0.05) smaller. Therefore, except for Nco, the new, flavonoid hyperaccumulating lines can be considered for field cultivation.

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