Genetic data support independent glacial refugia and open ocean barriers to dispersal for the Southern Ocean sea spider Austropallene cornigera(Möbius, 1902)

Dömel, Jana S.; Convey, Peter; Leese, Florian

doi:10.1163/1937240x-00002351

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…While some cryptic species within the C. megalonyx 'complex' appeared to be reproductively isolated Table 1. between close regions, others showed gene flow between relatively distant locations, supporting the connectivity among populations via active or passive transportation (Krabbe et al, 2010). Conversely, the common pycnogonid Nymphon australe showed circumpolar distribution across Antarctica as observed with the COI and 16S mitochondrial markers Arango et al, 2011), similar to that found in the widely distributed species Austropallene cornigera (Dömel et al, 2015). However, clear molecular differences observed in COI among and within populations of both pycnogonids may indicate a limited contemporary gene flow, which could lead to future genetic isolation of these populations (Arango et al, 2011;Dömel et al, 2015).…”

Section: Arthropodssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…These results challenge the theory about the stable, endemic, and largely connected fauna due to the ACC, which has only been tested for a few benthic taxa (Nikula et al, 2010;Raupach et al, 2010;Allcock et al, 2011;Arango et al, 2011;Dömel et al, 2015). Many oceanographic barriers between relatively close areas have been described hampering the genetic flow for species with large dispersal abilities, like the ACoC, the Weddell Gyre, and the area where the Weddell Sea and the Scotia Arc meet (e.g., Bargelloni et al, 2000;Gäbler-Schwarz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Why Study Genetic Diversity and Connectivity In Marine Benthmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Evolutionary patterns in Antarctic marine invertebrates: An update on molecular studies

2015

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Section: Arthropodssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Why Study Genetic Diversity and Connectivity In Marine Benthmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolutionary patterns in Antarctic marine invertebrates: An update on molecular studies

2015

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“…Geological data suggest the possible existence of shelf refugia during the last glacial period in the Bransfield Strait, Prydz Bay, a small part of George V Land (i.e., not far away from Adélie Coast), the western Ross Sea near Cape Adare, and possibly, the Ronne and Filchner Troughs [Weddell Sea] (Thatje et al 2005;Post et al 2014). Recent molecular data on Antarctic isopods, cephalopods, gastropods and pycnogonids (e.g., Held & Wägele 2005;Linse et al 2007;Strugnell et al 2012;Dömel et al 2015) support the idea of multiple glacial shelf refugia for these taxa on the margins of the Antarctic continental shelf (i.e., fairly deep shelf refugia). Such populations, which putatively survived in the lower part of their bathymetric range may have endured a selective pressure improving their adaptation to a deeper environment.…”

Section: Distribution Patterns In Antarctic and Sub-antarctic Epimeriamentioning

confidence: 95%

Epimeria of the Southern Ocean with notes on their relatives (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eusiroidea)

d’Acoz

Verheye

2017

EJT

785

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The present monograph includes general systematic considerations on the family Epimeriidae, a revision of the genus Epimeria Costa in Hope, 1851 in the Southern Ocean, and a shorter account on putatively related eusiroid taxa occurring in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seas. The former epimeriid genera Actinacanthus Stebbing, 1888 and Paramphithoe Bruzelius, 1859 are transferred to other families, respectively to the Acanthonotozomellidae Coleman & J.L. Barnard, 1991 and the herein re-established Paramphithoidae G.O. Sars, 1883, so that only Epimeria and Uschakoviella Gurjanova, 1955 are retained within the Epimeriidae Boeck, 1871. The genera Apherusa Walker, 1891 and Halirages Boeck, 1891, which are phylogenetically close to Paramphithoe, are also transferred to the Paramphithoidae. The validity of the suborder Senticaudata Lowry & Myers, 2013, which conflicts with traditional and recent concepts of Eusiroidea Stebbing, 1888, is questioned. Eight subgenera are recognized for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species of the genus Epimeria: Drakepimeria subgen. nov., Epimeriella K.H. Barnard, 1930, Hoplepimeria subgen. nov., Laevepimeria subgen. nov., Metepimeria Schellenberg, 1931, Pseudepimeria Chevreux, 1912, Subepimeria Bellan-Santini, 1972 and Urepimeria subgen. nov. The type subgenus Epimeria, as currently defined, does not occur in the Southern Ocean. Drakepimeria species are superficially similar to the type species of the genus Epimeria: E. cornigera (Fabricius, 1779), but they are phylogenetically unrelated and substantial morphological differences are obvious at a finer level. Twenty-seven new Antarctic Epimeria species are described herein: Epimeria (Drakepimeria) acanthochelon subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) colemani subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) corbariae subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) cyrano subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) havermansiana subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) leukhoplites subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) loerzae subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) pandora subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) pyrodrakon subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) robertiana subgen. et sp. nov., Epimeria (Epimeriella) atalanta sp. nov., Epimeria (Hoplepimeria) cyphorachis subgen. et sp. nov., E. (H.) gargantua subgen. et sp. nov., E. (H.) linseae subgen. et sp. nov., E. (H.) quasimodo subgen. et sp. nov., E. (H.) xesta subgen. et sp. nov., Epimeria (Laevepimeria) anodon subgen. et sp. nov., E. (L.) cinderella subgen. et sp. nov., Epimeria (Pseudepimeria) amoenitas sp. nov., E. (P.) callista sp. nov., E. (P.) debroyeri sp. nov., E. (P.) kharieis sp. nov., Epimeria (Subepimeria) adeliae sp. nov., E. (S.) iota sp. nov., E. (S.) teres sp. nov. and E. (S.) urvillei sp. nov. The type specimens of E. (D.) macrodonta Walker, 1906, E. (D.) similis Chevreux, 1912, E. (H.) georgiana Schellenberg, 1931 and E. (H.) inermis Walker, 1903 are re-described and illustrated. Besides the monographic treatment of Epimeriidae from the Southern Ocean, a brief overview and identification keys are given for their putative and potential relatives from the same ocean, i.e., the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic members of the following eusiroid families: Acanthonotozomellidae Coleman & J.L. Barnard, 1991, Dikwidae Coleman & J.L. Barnard, 1991, Stilipedidae Holmes, 1908 and Vicmusiidae Just, 1990. This overview revealed the existence of a new large and characteristic species of Alexandrella Chevreux, 1911, A. chione sp. nov. but also shows that the taxonomy of that genus remains poorly known and that several ‘variable widespread eurybathic species’ probably are species complexes. Furthermore, the genera Bathypanoploea Schellenberg, 1939 and Astyroides Birstein & Vinogradova, 1960 are considered to be junior synonyms of Alexandrella. Alexandrella mixta Nicholls, 1938 and A. pulchra Ren in Ren & Huang, 1991 are re-established herein, as valid species. It is pointed out that this insufficient taxonomic knowledge of Antarctic amphipods impedes ecological and biogeographical studies requiring precise identifications. Stacking photography was used for the first time to provide iconographic support in amphipod taxonomy, and proves to be a rapid and efficient illustration method for large tridimensionally geometric species. A combined morphological and molecular approach was used whenever possible for distinguishing Epimeria species, which were often very similar (albeit never truly cryptic) and sometimes exhibited allometric and individual variations. However in several cases, taxa were characterized by morphology only, whenever the specimens available for study were inappropriately fixed or when no sequences could be obtained. A large number of Epimeria species, formerly considered as eurybathic and widely distributed, proved to be complexes of species, with a narrower (overlapping or not) distribution. The distributional range of Antarctic Epimeria is very variable from species to species. Current knowledge indicates that some species from the Scotia Arc and the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula are narrow range endemics, sometimes confined to one island, archipelago, or ridge (South Georgia, South Orkney Islands, Elephant Island or Bruce Ridge); other species have a distribution encompassing a broader region, such as the eastern shelf of the Weddell Sea, or extending from the eastern shelf of the Weddell Sea to Adélie Coast. The most widely distributed species are E. (D.) colemani subgen. et sp. nov., E. (E.) macronyx (Walker, 1906), E. (H.) inermis Walker, 1903 and E. (L.) walkeri (K.H. Barnard, 1930), which have been recorded from the Antarctic Peninsula/South Shetland Islands area to the western Ross Sea. Since restricted distributions are common among Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Epimeria, additional new species might be expected in areas such as the Kerguelen Plateau, eastern Ross Sea, Amundsen Sea and the Bellingshausen Sea or isolated seamounts and ridges, where there are currently no Epimeria recorded. The limited distribution of many Epimeria species of the Southern Ocean is presumably related to the poor dispersal capacity in most species of the genus. Indeed with the exception of the pelagic and semi-pelagic species of the subgenus Epimeriella, they are heavy strictly benthic organisms without larval stages, and they have no exceptional level of eurybathy for Antarctic amphipods. Therefore, stretches deeper than 1000 m seem to be efficient geographical barriers for many Epimeria species, but other isolating factors (e.g., large stretches poor in epifauna) might also be at play. The existence of endemic shelf species with limited dispersal capacities in the Southern Ocean (like many Epimeria) suggests the existence of multiple ice-free shelf or upper slope refugia during the Pleistocene glaciations within the distributional and bathymetric range of these species. Genera with narrow range endemics like Epimeria would be excellent model taxa for locating hotspots of Antarctic endemism, and thus potentially play a role in proposing meaningful Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean.

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“…Since many benthic invertebrates inhabiting the shelf exhibit eurybathic distributions (Brey et al, 1996), the post-glacial recolonization process may have been sourced by populations from the continental slope and abyssal regions, surrounding continents and islands, or other surviving refuge habitats (Barnes and Kuklinski, 2010). Studies of Antarctic shelf bryozoans and sea spiders support the refugia hypothesis (Barnes and Kuklinski, 2010;Leese et al, 2015;Barnes et al, 2016). Based on older and current patterns of ecological disturbance and subsequent recolonization, invertebrate communities inhabiting the shallower and deeper regions of the Antarctic shelf may be comprised of significantly different species assemblages (Jones et al, 2007;Boger, 2011;Barnes et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

et al. 2018

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In some areas of the Antarctic shelf, bryozoans are abundant, acting as ecosystem engineers creating secondary structures with wide benthic coverage and harboring numerous other species. As the combined forces of global warming and ocean acidification threaten these habitats, we measured the composition of habitat-forming bryozoan communities using two techniques for imaging the sea floor, a YoYo-camera system and the AWI Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS). YoYo-camera transects of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas were conducted during a research cruise on the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer in 2013. OFOS transects included sites in the northern Palmer Archipelago where it borders the Scotia Sea and the Weddell Sea as part of the DynAMO project during the PS81 and PS96 cruises of R/V Polarstern in 2013 and 2015-16, respectively. Areas of bryozoan colonies were measured from the sea floor images using machine-learning algorithms available through the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin developed for FIJI software. Habitat-forming bryozoan communities in the Palmer Archipelago and Ross Sea were largely composed of anascan flustrid species with finely mineralized skeletons, and to a lesser extent by other ascophoran lepraliomorph and umbonulomorph species having more robustly mineralized skeletons. Although habitat-forming bryozoan communities in the shallower (200 m) sites of the Weddell Sea also contained flustrid species, percent area and composition of flustrid bryozoans declined with increasing depth. Lepraliomorph and umbonulomorph bryozoan morphotypes were more abundant in the Weddell Sea, maintaining their relative percent area and increasing their percent composition between 200 − 400 m. Moreover, our analyses of species composition based on externally gathered datasets show similar trends among sites, depths, and degrees of colony mineralization to our seabed imaging study. Variation present in the bryozoan species compositions of the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas suggest that these areas potentially represent divergent bryozoan communities requiring further validation via remote imaging surveys. Overall, compositional differences among Antarctic habitat-forming bryozoan communities are likely influenced by the combined effects of seasonal ice scour and carbonate chemistry, which in an increasingly acidified and warming ocean may put the communities of the eastern Weddell Sea at greater risk.

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Genetic data support independent glacial refugia and open ocean barriers to dispersal for the Southern Ocean sea spider Austropallene cornigera(Möbius, 1902)

Cited by 46 publications

References 60 publications

Evolutionary patterns in Antarctic marine invertebrates: An update on molecular studies

Evolutionary patterns in Antarctic marine invertebrates: An update on molecular studies

Epimeria of the Southern Ocean with notes on their relatives (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eusiroidea)

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

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