Genetic correlations between weapons, body shape and fighting behaviour in the horned beetle Gnatocerus cornutus

Okada, K.; Miyatake, Takahisa

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.01.008

Cited by 66 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…3a). Okada and Miyatake (2009) observed similar trends in large-mandibled Gnatocerus c or nu t u s Fa b r i c i u s , 1 79 8, b e et l es ( C ol e o pt er a: Tenebrionidae) compared to small-mandibled males. They suggest that larger genae may develop in compensation for enlarged mandibles or may be used for display in male-male competition (Okada and Miyatake 2009).…”

Section: Headsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Okada and Miyatake (2009) observed similar trends in large-mandibled Gnatocerus c or nu t u s Fa b r i c i u s , 1 79 8, b e et l es ( C ol e o pt er a: Tenebrionidae) compared to small-mandibled males. They suggest that larger genae may develop in compensation for enlarged mandibles or may be used for display in male-male competition (Okada and Miyatake 2009). Emlen (2001) demonstrated that excessive horn growth in Onthophagus Latreille, 1802, dung beetles can divert resources from nearby structures such as eyes and antennae and a similar trade-off could underlie the relatively smaller eyes of male Colophon beetles compared to females.…”

Section: Headsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The observed dimorphism in Colophon may equally be caused by selection for shorter elytra in males. Kawano (1997) found that elytral size was negatively allometric to body length in Lucanid males and Okada and Miyatake (2009) observed that increased horn growth in male G. cornutus beetles was correlated with reduced elytral length. This suggests that resources are diverted anteriorly to structures more important for competition in male beetles (Okada and Miyatake 2009).…”

Section: Elytronmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kawano (1997) found that elytral size was negatively allometric to body length in Lucanid males and Okada and Miyatake (2009) observed that increased horn growth in male G. cornutus beetles was correlated with reduced elytral length. This suggests that resources are diverted anteriorly to structures more important for competition in male beetles (Okada and Miyatake 2009). Our results indicate gender-specific trends in elytral morphology but the detection and visualisation of shape changes was probably hindered by the lack of homologous landmarks on this structure.…”

Section: Elytronmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4c). Hlavac (1969) and Okada and Miyatake (2009) suggest that larger prothoraces in male beetles may contain a greater muscle mass and energy store and so may evolve to compensate for their large mandibles and the forces produced during combat (Tomkins et al 2005). This may also explain the expansion of male Colophon pronota towards the head region, where most support is needed (Fig.…”

Section: Pronotummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does size matter for horny beetles? A geometric morphometric analysis of interspecific and intersexual size and shape variation in Colophon haughtoni Barnard, 1929, and C. kawaii Mizukami, 1997 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

et al. 2016

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Colophon is an understudied, rare and endangered stag beetle genus with all species endemic to isolated mountain peaks in South Africa's Western Cape. Geometric morphometrics was used to analyse intersexual and interspecific variation of size and shape in the mandibles, heads, pronota and elytra of two sympatric species: Colophon haughtoni and Colophon kawaii. All measured structures showed significant sexual dimorphism, which may result from male-male competition for females. Female mandibles were too small and featureless for analysis, but male Colophon beetles possess large, ornate mandibles for fighting. Males had significantly larger heads and pronota that demonstrated shape changes which may relate to resource diversion to the mandibles and their supporting structures. Females are indistinguishable across species, but males were accurately identified using mandibles, heads and pronota. Male C. kawaii were significantly larger than C. haughtoni for all structures. These results support the species status of C. kawaii, which is currently in doubt due to its hybridisation with C. haughtoni. We also demonstrate the value of geometric morphometrics as a tool which may aid Colophon conservation by providing biological and phylogenetic insights and enabling species identification.

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Section: Headsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Headsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Elytronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elytronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pronotummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Does size matter for horny beetles? A geometric morphometric analysis of interspecific and intersexual size and shape variation in Colophon haughtoni Barnard, 1929, and C. kawaii Mizukami, 1997 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

et al. 2016

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New perspectives on the evolution of exaggerated traits

Shingleton

Frankino

2012

BioEssays

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The scaling of body parts is central to the evolution of morphology and shape. Most traits scale proportionally with each other and body size such that larger adults are essentially magnified versions of smaller ones. This pattern is so ubiquitous that departures from it - disproportionate scaling between trait and body size - pique interest because it can generate dramatically exaggerated traits. These extreme morphologies are frequently hypothesized to result from sexual selection and their study has a long history, with several hypotheses seeking to explain their evolution. Despite this effort, surprisingly little progress has been made in demonstrating the forms of selection that produce different scaling patterns or in identifying the mechanisms that underlie the expression and evolution of scaling relationships. Here we review recent insights regarding the proximate mechanisms that regulate and integrate trait growth and that offer a new framework for studying the evolution of morphological scaling.

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Local ecological divergence of two closely related stag beetles based on genetic, morphological, and environmental analyses

Zhang

Kubota

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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The process of phenotypic adaptation to the environments is widely recognized.However, comprehensive studies integrating phylogenetic, phenotypic, and ecological approaches to assess this process are scarce. Our study aims to assess whether local adaptation may explain intraspecific differentiation by quantifying multidimensional differences among populations in closely related lucanid species, Platycerus delicatulus and Platycerus kawadai, which are endemic saproxylic beetles in Japan.First, we determined intraspecific analysis units based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene analyses of Platycerus delicatulus and Platycerus kawadai under sympatric and allopatric conditions. Then, we compared differences in morphology and environmental niche between populations (analysis units) within species. We examined the relationship between morphology and environmental niche via geographic distance.P. kawadai was subdivided into the "No introgression" and "Introgression" populations based on mitochondrial COI gene -nuclear ITS region discordance. P. delicatulus was subdivided into "Allopatric" and "Sympatric" populations. Body length differed significantly among the populations of each species. For P. delicatulus, character displacement was suggested. For P. kawadai, the morphological difference was likely caused by geographic distance or genetic divergence rather than environmental differences. The finding showed that the observed mitochondrial-nuclear discordance is likely due to historical mitochondrial introgression following a range of expansion.Our results show that morphological variation among populations of P. delicatulus and P. kawadai reflects an ecological adaptation process based on interspecific interactions, geographic distance, or genetic divergence. Our results will deepen understanding of ecological specialization processes across the distribution and adaptation of species in natural systems.

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Genetic correlations between weapons, body shape and fighting behaviour in the horned beetle Gnatocerus cornutus

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Does size matter for horny beetles? A geometric morphometric analysis of interspecific and intersexual size and shape variation in Colophon haughtoni Barnard, 1929, and C. kawaii Mizukami, 1997 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Does size matter for horny beetles? A geometric morphometric analysis of interspecific and intersexual size and shape variation in Colophon haughtoni Barnard, 1929, and C. kawaii Mizukami, 1997 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

New perspectives on the evolution of exaggerated traits

Local ecological divergence of two closely related stag beetles based on genetic, morphological, and environmental analyses

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