Genetic control of the sexual cycle in Neurospora

Raju, Namboori B.

doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80934-9

Cited by 157 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…However, perithecia were slightly larger and darker in the (DPrm1 1 a m1 ) 3 WT cross as compared to the DPrm1 3 WT cross. These data indicate that PRM1 function is required when nuclei of opposite mating type are compartmentalized during ascogenous hyphae development in the perithecium, a stage where complementation with a wild-type copy of Prm1 in a a m1 mating-type mutant does not occur (Perkins 1984;Raju 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

TheSaccharomyces cerevisiae PRM1Homolog inNeurospora crassaIs Involved in Vegetative and Sexual Cell Fusion Events but Also Has Postfertilization Functions

2009

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Cell-cell fusion is essential for a variety of developmental steps in many eukaryotic organisms, during both fertilization and vegetative cell growth. Although the molecular mechanisms associated with intracellular membrane fusion are well characterized, the molecular mechanisms of plasma membrane merger between cells are poorly understood. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, cell fusion events occur during both vegetative and sexual stages of its life cycle, thus making it an attractive model for studying the molecular basis of cell fusion during vegetative growth vs. sexual reproduction. In the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the few proteins implicated in plasma membrane merger during mating is Prm1p; prm1D mutants show an $50% reduction in mating cell fusion. Here we report on the role of the PRM1 homolog in N. crassa. N. crassa strains with deletions of a Prm1-like gene (Prm1) showed an $50% reduction in both vegetative and sexual cell fusion events, suggesting that PRM1 is part of the general cell fusion machinery. However, unlike S. cerevisiae, N. crassa strains carrying a Prm1 deletion exhibited complete sterility as either a male or female mating partner, a phenotype that was not complemented in a heterokaryon with wild type (WT). Crosses with DPrm1 strains were blocked early in sexual development, well before development of ascogenous hyphae. The DPrm1 sexual defect in N. crassa was not suppressed by mutations in Sad-1, which is required for meiotic silencing of unpaired DNA (MSUD). However, mutations in Sad-1 increased the number of progeny obtained in crosses with a DPrm1 (Prm1-gfp) complemented strain. These data indicate multiple roles for PRM1 during sexual development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

TheSaccharomyces cerevisiae PRM1Homolog inNeurospora crassaIs Involved in Vegetative and Sexual Cell Fusion Events but Also Has Postfertilization Functions

2009

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“…Thus, the diploid phase of the life cycle is brief ( 24 h) and limited to a single developing cell. The eight nuclei that result from the first postmeiotic mitosis are compartmentalized, resulting in an ascus cell that contains eight haploid spores ("ascospores") arrayed in an order that reflects their lineage (Raju 1980(Raju , 1992. Ascospores are ejected from the beak of the perithecium and can germinate after exposure to high temperature to produce vegetative mycelia, completing the sexual cycle.…”

Section: Neurospora Crassa: History and Features Of The Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurospora crassa, a Model System for Epigenetics Research

Aramayo

Selker

2013

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

130

121

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SUMMARYThe filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has provided a rich source of knowledge on epigenetic phenomena that would have been difficult or impossible to gain from other systems. Neurospora sports features found in higher eukaryotes but absent in both budding and fission yeast, including DNA methylation and H3K27 methylation, and also has distinct RNA interference (RNAi)-based silencing mechanisms operating in mitotic and meiotic cells. This has provided an unexpected wealth of information on gene silencing systems. One silencing mechanism, named repeat-induced point mutation (RIP), has both epigenetic and genetic aspects and provided the first example of a homology-based genome defense system. A second silencing mechanism, named quelling, is an RNAi-based mechanism that results in silencing of transgenes and their native homologs. A third, named meiotic silencing, is also RNAi-based but is distinct from quelling in its time of action, targets, and apparent purpose.Outline

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“…Nitrogen starvation induces differentiation of female reproductive structures, protoperithecia, in Neurospora (for review, see Raju, 1992). Protoperithecia extend specialized hyphae called trichogynes that are positively chemotropic, growing toward male cells (any vegetative cell type; typically, macroconidia) of opposite mating type (Bistis, 1981).…”

Section: Rrg-1 and Components Of The Os-2 Mapk Pathway Are Essential mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response Regulator RRG-1 Functions Upstream of a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Impacting Asexual Development, Female Fertility, Osmotic Stress, and Fungicide Resistance inNeurospora crassa

Jones

Greer‐Phillips²,

Borkovich

2007

MBoC

105

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Two-component systems, consisting of proteins with histidine kinase and/or response regulator domains, regulate environmental responses in bacteria, Archaea, fungi, slime molds, and plants. Here, we characterize RRG-1, a response regulator protein from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. The cell lysis phenotype of ⌬rrg-1 mutants is reminiscent of osmotic-sensitive (os) mutants, including nik-1/os-1 (a histidine kinase) and strains defective in components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway: os-4 (MAPK kinase kinase), os-5 (MAPK kinase), and os-2 (MAPK). Similar to os mutants, ⌬rrg-1 strains are sensitive to hyperosmotic conditions, and they are resistant to the fungicides fludioxonil and iprodione. Like os-5, os-4, and os-2 mutants, but in contrast to nik-1/os-1 strains, ⌬rrg-1 mutants do not produce female reproductive structures (protoperithecia) when nitrogen starved. OS-2-phosphate levels are elevated in wild-type cells exposed to NaCl or fludioxonil, but they are nearly undetectable in ⌬rrg-1 strains. OS-2-phosphate levels are also low in ⌬rrg-1, os-2, and os-4 mutants under nitrogen starvation. Analysis of the rrg-1 D921N allele, mutated in the predicted phosphorylation site, provides support for phosphorylation-dependent and -independent functions for RRG-1. The data indicate that RRG-1 controls vegetative cell integrity, hyperosmotic sensitivity, fungicide resistance, and protoperithecial development through regulation of the OS-4/OS-5/OS-2 MAPK pathway. INTRODUCTIONTwo-component regulatory systems are signal transduction pathways found in bacteria, Archaea, slime molds, fungi, and plants (for reviews, see Wolanin et al., 2002). Twocomponent systems have been implicated in responses to light, osmolarity, cellular redox status, nutrient and oxygen levels, virulence, and other factors (for review, see Wolanin et al., 2002;Borkovich et al., 2004). A basic two-component system consists of a histidine kinase and a response regulator (for review, see West and Stock, 2001;Wolanin et al., 2002). Histidine kinases autophosphorylate on a conserved histidine residue in the histidine kinase domain. The phosphoryl group is then transferred to an aspartate residue in the receiver domain on the response regulator. Complex two-component signaling pathways (also termed phosphorelays) contain hybrid histidine kinases that have both a histidine kinase domain and a response regulator receiver domain in the same protein, thus facilitating an intramolecular phosphate transfer reaction. The phosphate group on the aspartate residue is transferred to a histidine phosphotransfer (HPT) protein. Subsequently, the histidine phosphotransfer protein phosphorylates the receiver domain on a response regulator. Phosphorelays are the major two-component pathways in eukaryotic systems; however, two-component systems are not present in animals, making them ideal candidate targets for antimicrobial drugs (for review, see Alex et al., 1998;Wolanin et al., 2002;Borkovich et al., 2004).Many response regulators contain a ...

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Genetic control of the sexual cycle in Neurospora

Cited by 157 publications

References 164 publications

TheSaccharomyces cerevisiae PRM1Homolog inNeurospora crassaIs Involved in Vegetative and Sexual Cell Fusion Events but Also Has Postfertilization Functions

TheSaccharomyces cerevisiae PRM1Homolog inNeurospora crassaIs Involved in Vegetative and Sexual Cell Fusion Events but Also Has Postfertilization Functions

Neurospora crassa, a Model System for Epigenetics Research

The Response Regulator RRG-1 Functions Upstream of a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Impacting Asexual Development, Female Fertility, Osmotic Stress, and Fungicide Resistance inNeurospora crassa

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