Genetic Control of Sexual Dimorphism in Tooth Size

Garn, Stanley M.; Lewis, Arthur B.; Swindler, Daris R.; Kerewsky, Rose S.

doi:10.1177/00220345670460055801

Cited by 337 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Current study showed norms for diagonal crown diameters where male teeth were larger than female. Our results are in agreement with various studies formerly carried out by means of odontometric measurements with the avowal of sexual disparities 11,13,[47][48][49] . Arch dimensions of the maxilla and mandible were also measured.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Geomorphometrics of Tooth Size and Arch Dimension Analysis by Conventional Digital Caliper and Digital Stereomicroscope to Establish Standard Norms for the Pakistani Population

Shahid

Alam

Khamis

et al. 2015

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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In order to establish standard norms for the Pakistani population, we investigated the geomorphometrics of tooth size and arch dimension using a conventional digital caliper (DC) and a digital stereomicroscope (SM). The sample consisted of 128 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 24 years. A total of 44,155 variables were measured. Dental models of each subject for maxillary and mandibular arches were scanned via Hirox digital stereomicroscope for the fabrication of the digital models, and the geomorphometrics of tooth size and arch dimensions were measured via SM scanned digital models. All the measurements were also carried out via DC on plaster dental models. Sex differences and changes associated with methods were assessed, and interrelationships between different variables were explored within the study group. For the data obtained by DC and SM techniques, the men had significantly larger arch dimensions and geomorphometrics of tooth size than the women did. There were no significant disparities observed between the techniques. The developed norms for the mesiodistal, buccolingual, diagonal tooth sizes and arch dimension had significantly greater values for males in relation to females (*pd" 0.05 to ***pd" 0.001). This study has established a new reference database of tooth size and arch dimensions via both DC and digital SM for first time on Pakistani population. These norms will be helpful for clinical treatment planning in dentistry. Contemporaneously, the norms will be of great value to forensic dentists and dental anthropologists for making comparisons within and between different populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Geomorphometrics of Tooth Size and Arch Dimension Analysis by Conventional Digital Caliper and Digital Stereomicroscope to Establish Standard Norms for the Pakistani Population

Shahid

Alam

Khamis

et al. 2015

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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“…They have demonstrated that sex affects tooth size in both arches (Garn et al, 1967). These data also suggested the presence of considerable variability in canine sexual dimorphism across populations.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Craniofacial Sizementioning

confidence: 91%

Sexual dimorphism using elliptical Fourier analysis: shape differences in the craniofacial complex

Lestrel

Kanazawa

Wolfe³

2011

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The assessment of sexual dimorphism plays an essential role in numerous disciplines such as: (1) forensics, with its concern with skeletal identification, including sexing; (2) archeology, where the sexing of skeletal materials is an essential aspect; (3) primatology, where sex differences are diverse; (4) paleoanthropology, where the identification of sex can influence taxonomic and phylogenetic decisions, and (5) growth and development, where one strives to identify differences before and after puberty. Other disciplines where sexual dimorphism plays an important function include orthodontics, gerontology, nutrition, and medicine. Quantitative studies of morphological forms in general, and sexual dimorphism in particular, is not a trivial endeavor in that at least two aspects are involved, namely size and shape. Focusing on the human skeletal system, sexual dimorphism affects all bones, including the cranium, pelvis, long bones, and vertebral column. However, the overwhelming numbers of studies of sexual dimorphism are based solely on size differences. These studies have repeatedly demonstrated that males are larger for most dimensions. The question of shape differences, if indeed present, cannot be readily inferred from these studies. Consequently, a number of studies were initiated, over some 20 years duration, that specifically focused on the presence of sexually dimorphic shape changes in the skeletal craniofacial complex. The following anatomical structures were examined: (1) the human nasal bones, (2) the primate cranial base, (3) the human cranial base, (4) the human dental arch, (5) the human mandibular arch, and (6) the human cranial vault. These six datasets involved 16 samples for a total of 1110 specimens. Every dataset generated statistically significant sexually dimorphic differences in shape. Thus, it is apparent that the craniofacial complex not only exhibits size differences but also specific shape differences.

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“…Percentage sexual differences were calculated (Garn et al, 1967) for the comparison. Descriptive statistics including distribution parameters were performed with SPSS statistical software (SPSS Japan Inc., Ver.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Dimorphism in the Tooth Crown Dimensions of the Second Deciduous and First Permanent Molars of Taiwan Chinese

Kondo

Funatsu

Wakatsuki

et al. 1998

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: Sexual dimorphism in the crown components in the second deciduous molar (dm2) and the first permanent molar (M1) of the dental casts taken from Chinese living in Kaohsiung (Taiwan) was investigated. Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters, and 4 main-cusp sizes in the maxillary molars and mesiodistal diameters of the trigonid and talonid in the mandibular molars were measured using a digital caliper (0.01 mm). Percentage sexual differences were calculated. With the exception of trigonid mesiodistal diameters, the mean values of males were larger than females. In both of dm2 and M1 the mean values of the trigonid mesiodistal diameters were slightly larger in females than in males, but the differences were not significant. Percentage sexual dimorphism was smaller in the mesiodistal diameters than in the buccolingual in both dm2 and M1. The crown components showed larger sexual difference in dm2 than in M1, while in the maxilla the external crown size showed larger sexual difference in M1 than in dm2. The buccal cusps showed larger sexual difference than the lingual in the maxillary molars and the talonid showed larger sexual difference than the trigonid in the mandibular. Sexual dimorphism of dm2 and M1 in their crown components displayed similar pattern, although the different degree was noted. This result is thought to relate to the fact these molars belong to the first dentition embryologically.The second deciduous molar (dm2) morphologically resembles the first permanent molar (M1). These two molars adjoin among the molar series, and they belong to the first dentition embryologically. They have similar crown shapes and occlusal groove-patterns, but different sizes. Although there are many similarities between them, they are not identical.The maxillary molar teeth have 4 main-cusps; paracone, metacone, protocone and hypocone. The mandibular molar teeth consist of the mesial trigonid and the distal talonid. Thus the maxillary and mandibular molar tooth crown consists of several crown components, and the crown shape can be expressed by these crown components (Yamada et al

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Genetic Control of Sexual Dimorphism in Tooth Size

Cited by 337 publications

References 9 publications

Geomorphometrics of Tooth Size and Arch Dimension Analysis by Conventional Digital Caliper and Digital Stereomicroscope to Establish Standard Norms for the Pakistani Population

Geomorphometrics of Tooth Size and Arch Dimension Analysis by Conventional Digital Caliper and Digital Stereomicroscope to Establish Standard Norms for the Pakistani Population

Sexual dimorphism using elliptical Fourier analysis: shape differences in the craniofacial complex

Sexual Dimorphism in the Tooth Crown Dimensions of the Second Deciduous and First Permanent Molars of Taiwan Chinese

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