Genetic constraints predict evolutionary divergence in<i>Dalechampia</i>blossoms

Bolstad, Geir H.; Hansen, Thomas F.; Pélabon, Christophe; Falahati‐Anbaran, Mohsen; Pérez‐Barrales, Rocío; Armbruster, W. Scott

doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0255

Cited by 127 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Does speciation promote phenotypic evolution (Eldredge and Gould 1972; Gould 2002), or does floral evolvability promote speciation (Bolstad et al 2014; see also Rabosky et al 2013)? Alternatively, might the evolvability of other aspects of phenotype (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral specialization and angiosperm diversity: phenotypic divergence, fitness trade-offs and realized pollination accuracy

2014

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This review considers the role of reproductive factors in the evolutionary success of flowering plants, with emphasis on flowers and pollination. Flowers are complex structures that have varying degrees of integration of parts and surprising evolutionary lability. Diversification of floral form usually accompanies plant diversification by speciation. This correlation has traditionally been interpreted as the result of floral specialization increasing speciation rates. However, another possibility is that species diversity generates selection for divergent specialized flowers when related species occur together, thereby reducing extinction rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral specialization and angiosperm diversity: phenotypic divergence, fitness trade-offs and realized pollination accuracy

2014

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“…To calculate the autonomy to a specific trait with respect to the rest, we can use a vector x with the coefficient 1 for the focal trait and zero for the rest. The different indices from Hansen & Houle [169] are easily computed using the R package ‘evolvability’ (see [156]). f This can be approximated by , where H( λ ) ≡ 1/E(1/ λ ) is the harmonic mean, and I( λ ) ≡ var( λ )/E( λ ) 2 is the mean-standardized variance. The average autonomy can alternatively be measured as the average of the individual trait autonomies (see [90,114]).…”

Section: Measurement Of Integration and Modularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated phenotypes: understanding trait covariation in plants and animals

Armbruster

Pélabon

Bolstad

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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238

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Integration and modularity refer to the patterns and processes of trait interaction and independence. Both terms have complex histories with respect to both conceptualization and quantification, resulting in a plethora of integration indices in use. We review briefly the divergent definitions, uses and measures of integration and modularity and make conceptual links to allometry. We also discuss how integration and modularity might evolve. Although integration is generally thought to be generated and maintained by correlational selection, theoretical considerations suggest the relationship is not straightforward. We caution here against uncontrolled comparisons of indices across studies. In the absence of controls for trait number, dimensionality, homology, development and function, it is difficult, or even impossible, to compare integration indices across organisms or traits. We suggest that care be invested in relating measurement to underlying theory or hypotheses, and that summative, theory-free descriptors of integration generally be avoided. The papers that follow in this Theme Issue illustrate the diversity of approaches to studying integration and modularity, highlighting strengths and pitfalls that await researchers investigating integration in plants and animals.

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“…Studies on Dalechampia blossom morphology have also emphasized that only a portion of evolutionary divergence patterns can be accounted by models of external selective factors, such as community composition and availability of resources. Rather, constraints imposed by covariation patterns seem to be essential for our understanding of the evolution of blossom traits (Bolstad et al 2014, Hansen et al 2003). …”

Section: Modularity and The Adaptive Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

Modularity: Genes, Development, and Evolution

Melo

Porto

Cheverud

et al. 2016

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

165

122

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Modularity has emerged as a central concept for evolutionary biology, providing the field with a theory of organismal structure and variation. This theory has reframed long standing questions and serves as a unified conceptual framework for genetics, developmental biology and multivariate evolution. Research programs in systems biology and quantitative genetics are bridging the gap between these fields. While this synthesis is ongoing, some major themes have emerged and empirical evidence for modularity has become abundant. In this review, we look at modularity from an historical perspective, highlighting its meaning at different levels of biological organization and the different methods that can be used to detect it. We then explore the relationship between quantitative genetic approaches to modularity and developmental genetic studies. We conclude by investigating the dynamic relationship between modularity and the adaptive landscape and how this potentially shapes evolution and can help bridge the gap between micro- and macroevolution.

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Genetic constraints predict evolutionary divergence inDalechampiablossoms

Cited by 127 publications

References 121 publications

Floral specialization and angiosperm diversity: phenotypic divergence, fitness trade-offs and realized pollination accuracy

Floral specialization and angiosperm diversity: phenotypic divergence, fitness trade-offs and realized pollination accuracy

Integrated phenotypes: understanding trait covariation in plants and animals

Modularity: Genes, Development, and Evolution

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