Genetic composition and evolution of the prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages 2 and 4 in the Chinese and Zhejiang Province populations

Abstract

Background There are seven human-adaptation lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Tuberculosis (TB) dissemination is strongly influenced by human movements and host genetics. The detailed lineage distribution evolution of Mtb in Zhejiang Province is unknown. We aim to determine how different sub-lineages are transmitted and distributed within China and Zhejiang Province. Methods We analysed whole-genome sequencing data for a worldwide collection of 1154 isolates and a provincial collection of 1296 isolates, constructed the best-scoring maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. Bayesian evolutionary analysis was used to calculate the latest common ancestor of lineages 2 and 4. The antigenic diversity of human T cell epitopes was evaluated by calculating the pairwise dN/dS ratios. Results Of the Zhejiang isolates, 964 (74.38%) belonged to lineage 2 and 332 (25.62%) belonged to lineage 4. The distributions of the sub-lineages varied across the geographic regions of Zhejiang Province. L2.2 is the most ancient sub-lineage in Zhejiang, first appearing approximately 6897 years ago (95% highest posterior density interval (HDI): 6513–7298). L4.4 is the most modern sub-lineage, first appearing approximately 2217 years ago (95% HDI: 1864–2581). The dN/dS ratios showed that the epitope and non-epitope regions of lineage 2 strains were significantly (P < 0.001) more conserved than those of lineage 4. Conclusions An increase in the frequency of lineage 4 may reflect its successful transmission over the last 20 years. The recent common ancestors of the sub-lineages and their transmission routes are relevant to the entry of humans into China and Zhejiang Province. Diversity in T cell epitopes may prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis from being recognized by the immune system.

Identification of positively selected genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from southern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of China

“…Our study showed that L2 was the main lineage and L2.2.1 was the dominant sub-lineage in Southern Xinjiang, which is similar to the findings from other regions of China ( Liu et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2021 ). Among all the lineages, L2 strains were the most widespread globally, and numerous factors influence the spread of L2 strains ( Gagneux, 2018 ).…”

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

“…A more granular analysis of the WGS to identify genetic features of the pan-genomes of the isolates from DM vs. non-DM TB patients may reveal features associated with DM or non-DM patients. Table 5 shows studies determining lineages and spoligotypes distributed across the world and specifically in India [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. An overview of various studies conducted in different regions around the world to determine the predominant lineages and spoligotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , offers valuable insights into the distribution and diversity of the strains in different populations, and also raises several points for critical discussion.…”

Correction to: Genetic composition and evolution of the prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages 2 and 4 in the Chinese and Zhejiang Province populations

“…All the changes requested are implemented in this correction and the original article [ 1 ] has been corrected.…”