Genetic commonality of macrolide-resistant group A beta hemolytic streptococcus pharyngeal strains

Myers, Angela; Jackson, Mary Anne; Selvarangan, Rangaraj; Goering, Richard V.; Harrison, Christopher J.

doi:10.1186/1476-0711-8-33

“…The macrolides are another option ( Table 3). S. pyogenes resistance to erythromycin has increased with increased macrolide use 24 .…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Centor Score to Diagnosis of Group a Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Decision Making of Antibiotics Use

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg

0

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Acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis, which is characterized by infl ammation of the posterior pharynx and tonsils, is a common disease. Several viruses and bacteria can cause acute pharyngitis; however, Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as Lancefi eld group A β-hemolytic streptococci) is the only agent that requires an etiologic diagnosis and specifi c treatment. S. pyogenes is of major clinical importance because it can trigger post-infection systemic complications, acute rheumatic fever, and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Symptom onset in streptococcal infection is usually abrupt and includes intense sore throat, fever, chills, malaise, headache, tender enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes, and pharyngeal or tonsillar exudate. Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and diarrhea are uncommon, and their presence suggests a viral cause. A diagnosis of pharyngitis is supported by the patient's history and by the physical examination. Throat culture is the gold standard for diagnosing streptococcus pharyngitis. However, it has been underused in public health services because of its low availability and because of the 1-to 2-day delay in obtaining results. Rapid antigen detection tests have been used to detect S. pyogenes directly from throat swabs within minutes. Clinical scoring systems have been developed to predict the risk of S. pyogenes infection. The most commonly used scoring system is the modifi ed Centor score. Acute S. pyogenes pharyngitis is often a self-limiting disease. Penicillins are the fi rst-choice treatment. For patients with penicillin allergy, cephalosporins can be an acceptable alternative, although primary hypersensitivity to cephalosporins can occur. Another drug option is the macrolides. Future perspectives to prevent streptococcal pharyngitis and post-infection systemic complications include the development of an anti-Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine.

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Analysis of Different Recommendations From International Guidelines for the Management of Acute Pharyngitis in Adults and Children

Chiappini

¹

,

Regoli

²

,

Bonsignori

³

et al. 2011

Clinical Therapeutics

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Streptococcal acute pharyngitis

Anjos

¹

,

Marcondes

²

,

Lima

³

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis, which is characterized by infl ammation of the posterior pharynx and tonsils, is a common disease. Several viruses and bacteria can cause acute pharyngitis; however, Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as Lancefi eld group A β-hemolytic streptococci) is the only agent that requires an etiologic diagnosis and specifi c treatment. S. pyogenes is of major clinical importance because it can trigger post-infection systemic complications, acute rheumatic fever, and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Symptom onset in streptococcal infection is usually abrupt and includes intense sore throat, fever, chills, malaise, headache, tender enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes, and pharyngeal or tonsillar exudate. Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and diarrhea are uncommon, and their presence suggests a viral cause. A diagnosis of pharyngitis is supported by the patient's history and by the physical examination. Throat culture is the gold standard for diagnosing streptococcus pharyngitis. However, it has been underused in public health services because of its low availability and because of the 1-to 2-day delay in obtaining results. Rapid antigen detection tests have been used to detect S. pyogenes directly from throat swabs within minutes. Clinical scoring systems have been developed to predict the risk of S. pyogenes infection. The most commonly used scoring system is the modifi ed Centor score. Acute S. pyogenes pharyngitis is often a self-limiting disease. Penicillins are the fi rst-choice treatment. For patients with penicillin allergy, cephalosporins can be an acceptable alternative, although primary hypersensitivity to cephalosporins can occur. Another drug option is the macrolides. Future perspectives to prevent streptococcal pharyngitis and post-infection systemic complications include the development of an anti-Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine.

show abstract

Genetic commonality of macrolide-resistant group A beta hemolytic streptococcus pharyngeal strains

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Usefulness of Centor Score to Diagnosis of Group a Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Decision Making of Antibiotics Use

Usefulness of Centor Score to Diagnosis of Group a Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Decision Making of Antibiotics Use

Analysis of Different Recommendations From International Guidelines for the Management of Acute Pharyngitis in Adults and Children

Streptococcal acute pharyngitis

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