Genetic Code of Electrical Operational Procedures: Lock-Out Systems, Simulators, and Training

2009 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting

2009

In the operation of electrical installations risk assessment evaluates hazards and conflicts. A kinematics analogy for analyzing "collisions" risks offers a new approach for the operational procedures and the geometry and allows to introduce a transitions theory for intersections. The Euclid's fifth postulate can be assumed as criterion of certain collision and as definition of a generalized parallelism for avoiding collisions. For safety in electrical operation, the interactions with electrical equipment have to be promoted as contact and not collisions. The intersections of multiple traffic lanes present an analogy with the operation of nodes of electrical power systems, offering an equivalent experienced way for examining constraints in the transitions and suggesting new approaches and new methodologies for solutions. Euler Venn diagrams EVDs and transitions T-maps have been introduced for assisting the design of operational procedures and the training of operators. A 3D approach for EVDs ant T-maps can help guarantee safety and avoid collisions

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transitions Theory For Intersections: Euclid's Fifth Postulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Kinematics Analogy and Collisions Risks: The Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transitions Theory for Intersections/Nodes and Generalized Euclidean Kinematics in Operation of Electrical Installations

2009 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting

2009

“…The closed-ON/open-OFF/grounded-GON statuses SM[X], respectively, for X = 1, 0, −1 of the SM, constitute the basic three signs/symbols in the language of the operational procedures (a ternary code with two binary reversible sequences, waveevolution, 1 ↔ 0, 0 ↔ −1). Note that the ternary code 1, 0, −1 is necessary for safety procedures; the binary code 1, 0 is sufficient for integrity procedures [14].…”

Section: Brmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Syntax and Semantics of a Language for Operational Procedures

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

Hesla²

2013

The aim of this paper is to present shortly syntax and semantics of a language to program operational procedures. This formal language is a unified suite of symbols, meanings, and codes used on the basis of conventional rules. Symbols have to be related to meanings and to be shared: operational, mathematical, and graphical symbols shown are preferred but are not mandatory. Parise program allows to express concepts and procedures, to make analysis of formal connections and bonds between components of the electrical power system. It allows to provide information and give instructions for the execution of certain operations following correct procedures. The programming language elements may be used in an interactive programming environment

“…1) the supply system adopting two-or multiple-ended configuration designing system nodes energized by two or multiple sources, operating separately (exclusivity rule) [5]; 2) the distributors adopting two-or multiple-pole configuration designing system nodes energized by two or multiple distributors-ways, operating simultaneously; 3) the equipment supplies adopting dual-corded equipment energized by two ways, operating simultaneously. Actions mixed are practically applied on the distributors and sources adopting the criterion of partitioning and making redundant the cut and tie rule [1], [5] on a double system of sources-distributors with both supplies sharing the load on the supplying systems at all times. A source node/switchboard (SWB) can be subdivided in more sections of the same distribution level, interconnected by tie switches T .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Distribution for a Reliable Data Center

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

2013

For the reliability of data centers, the electrical distribution architecture has a vital impact on performances throughout its life cycle. Special standards establish tier classifications for the site infrastructures. The switchboard (SWB) design needs to plan the load balancing, the future expansion and rehabilitation of the distribution (road map), and periodic maintenances without loss service continuity. The protection must be coordinated for the selectivity of the fault on the final circuits to ensure service continuity of the whole system. Equipment like electronic components exhibits excessive inrush currents at start-up that request a rating current value higher than the load current value. Maintaining for many years a protection coordination tolerant to the initial inrush current, it is a technical inadmissible inaccuracy for the data center service. The failure of a final circuit not adequately selected and cleared can cause an impact on the fault selectivity on the SWB section or all the uninterruptible power system supply. Starting systems for equipment should be adopted to solve the problem of inrush current and to allow an adequate protection coordination for the long service of the data center.