Genetic Classification and Ethiopian Semitic

Hetzron, Robert

doi:10.1515/9783111356167.103

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…At first, Hetzron (1969) and afterwards also Hetzron & Bender (1976) suggest that the Gurage languages are not a uniform cluster from a linguistic point of view since Northern Gurage, i.e., Kistane, Dobbi and †Gälila, shape a part in Outer South Ethio-Semitic which is closer to †Gafat than to other Gurage languages. Moreover, Eastern Gurage is closer to Harari than to any other Gurage language.…”

Section: The Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Eastern Gurage is closer to Harari than to any other Gurage language. Thus, Hetzron (1969Hetzron ( , 1972Hetzron ( , 1996 proposes that the name Gurage is not a major linguistic name but quite denotes the environmental area from the Gibe River in the west to Lake Zway in the east, and from the Awash River in the north to the Gibe River in the southwest. As such, it refers to the collection of Semitic-speaking society who are bounded by Cushitic-speaking community to the southwest of Addis Ababa.…”

Section: The Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Tense, Aspect, Mood and Aktionsart in Mesqan: A South Ethio-Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia

Shafi¹

2018

MACL

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：Mesqan is a South Ethio-Semitic tongue which is mainly worn in day-to-day message by a people of 179,737 communities in the Gurage Zone, Ethiopia, whose linguistic skin was not well expressed. The inner aspire of this paper is to offer a complete account of tense, aspect, mood and aktionsart structures of the Mesqan tongue. The paper is expressive in character, as the lessons are mostly worried with telling what is really being in the tongue, and mostly rely on main linguistic facts. The linguistic facts, i.e. the elicited grammatical facts regarding tense, aspect, mood and aktionsart, were composed from local speakers of the tongue during 12 months of fieldwork mannered among 2011 and 2012 in four Mesqan villages and in Butajira, the managerial hub of the Mesqan Woreda. The perfective aspect in the tongue emphasizes the endpoint of the oral state with dynamic verbs, but the imperfective aspect relates with the lexical semantics of the verb, which can be practical when their purposes with stative and dynamic verbs are evaluated. Concerning tense, the past and the non-past tense in the tongue are distinguished by assisting verbs and a verb in the imperfective aspect is able to happen with states in the past and in the non-past, i.e. present or future. Future time can also be uttered by an anticipated act throughout the grouping of the future. In addition, an action happening in the past and still around in the tongue is marked by a zero morpheme in the present perfect. Concerning mood, the language has agent-oriented moods that are articulated by verb inflection, and speaker-oriented moods that are articulated by a periphrastic structure. Regarding aktionsart that denotes a specific phase in a verbal condition, like period, regularity, etc. Mesqan has two aktionsarten which are noticeable by periphrastic structures, that is the progressive and the prospective.

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Section: The Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

Tense, Aspect, Mood and Aktionsart in Mesqan: A South Ethio-Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia

Shafi¹

2018

MACL

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“…Proto-Arabic must exclusively refer to the reconstructed common ancestor of all varieties of Arabic. 10 These are Hetzron 1974;1975;1976. For a balanced discussion of the literature on the internal classification of Semitic, see Huehnergard and Rubin 2011.…”

Section: How To Determine Genetic Affiliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the genetic background of the Rbbl bn Hfʿm grave inscription at Qaryat al-Fāw

Al‐Jallad

2014

Bull. Sch. Orient. Afr. stud.

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It is widely believed that the Rbbl bn Hfʿm grave inscription found at Qaryat al-Fāw is the earliest example of Old Arabic. The ten-line inscription – written in the Sabaic script – attests the common Arabic definite article, ʾl, plus several other non-Sabaic linguistic features. I argue that the definite article is not a suitable diagnostic of genetic affiliation, and other features, such as mimation, the conjunction ʿdky, and more, should also be given consideration. Through a close linguistic examination based on the principle of shared morphological innovations, I demonstrate that none of the morphological innovations which characterize Arabic are attested in this inscription. As such, its language is probably not a descendant of proto-Arabic. Our results further suggest that the ʾl- article, which has previously been used as a marker of Arabic, was simply one of many definite article forms which spread to Arabic, and other Semitic languages of Arabia, through areal diffusion.

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“…They are generally explained as the outcome of language shift after Semitic speakers from south Arabia imposed their language(s) on formerly Cushitic-speaking Ethiopians. Thomason (2001b) says that the link to imperfect learning of Semitic by Cushitic speakers 'is firmly established', but when one examines the sources (Leslau 1945(Leslau , 1952Moreno 1948;Little 1974;Hetzron 1975) it becomes clear that this is an inference based on outcomes, not a historically attested fact. The nearest we come to such evidence is a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on language data which implies a single Semitic origin for Ethiopic Semitic around 800 BC (Kitchen et al 2009).…”

Section: Relating Contact Events To Their Outcomes: What We Need To Knowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Contact Processes from their Outcomes: The Importance of Life Stages

Ross

2013

J Lang Contact

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This paper addresses the questions, Do bilingually induced and shift-induced change have different outcomes? If they do, can these differences assist us in reconstructing the prehistoric past, specifically the linguistic prehistory of the (smallscale neolithic) societies of Melanesia. A key to better interpreting differences in the outputs of contact-induced change is to understand how such change in smallscale societies actually occurs. I argue that it is important to know the life-stage loci of change. I suggest that language shift has two life-stage loci, one in early childhood, where evidence of shift, if any, is restricted to specialist lexicon, and one in adulthood. Adult language shift appears to have been rare in Melanesia. I also suggest that bilingually induced change, which entails the syntactic restructuring of one’s heritage language on the model of a second language, takes place among preadolescent children–a claim which is supported by various kinds of evidence. This understanding helps us in turn to interpret the outcomes of contact-induced change and to infer prehistoric events, since adult second-language learning typically leads to simplification, whilst childhood language learning may lead to an increase in complexity.

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Genetic Classification and Ethiopian Semitic

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Tense, Aspect, Mood and Aktionsart in Mesqan: A South Ethio-Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia

Tense, Aspect, Mood and Aktionsart in Mesqan: A South Ethio-Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia

On the genetic background of the Rbbl bn Hfʿm grave inscription at Qaryat al-Fāw

Diagnosing Contact Processes from their Outcomes: The Importance of Life Stages

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