Genetic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Retail Meat in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Limited data exist from the Gulf Cooperation Council states on the prevalence and population dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing livestock or contaminating retail meat. This study was designed to determine the presence and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw retail meat sold in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Over a period of 9 months, different raw retail meat types were aseptically processed using the double broth enrichment technique, characteristic colonies from chromogenic and mannitol salt agar were further identified using conventional methods. Susceptibility to 9 antibiotics was determined using the disc diffusion technique. Interpretation of inhibition zone was done according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Molecular characterization was carried out using the StaphyType DNA microarray technology. Twenty-five meat samples yielded Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Camel meat had the highest contamination rate with Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (20%) and Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (28%), while poultry meat had the least contamination rate with MRSA (4%). The MRSA isolates were grouped into 4 clonal complexes (CCs) namely CC1-MRSA-IV/SCCfus (n = 2), CC15-MRSA-V/SCCfus (n = 4), CC80-MRSA-IV/PVL+ (n = 5), and CC88-MRSA-IV/PVL+ (n = 2). All CC15-MRSA-V/SCCfus isolates were obtained from camel meat. This is the first study to demonstrate the novel CC15-MRSA-V/SCCfus in retail camel meat. We recommend that surveillance studies should be incorporated in public health and food hygiene programs.

Bacterial isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance, hemolytic activity, and high 16S rRNA gene similarity with well‐known pathogens found in camel milk samples of Riyadh region

“…MRSA has been widely reported to be associated with milk in different parts of the world . In another study from Riyadh, MRSA was reported in retail meat . This study also found that the camel meat contains the highest number of MRSA.…”

Investigating a rare methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> strain: first description of genome sequencing and molecular characterization of CC15-MRSA

“…Two isolates (RUH-2 and RUH-71) were from patients with sepsis and wound infection, respectively, while the other 2 (RUH-98 and RUH-99) were from retail camel meat. S. aureus identification and confirmation of methicillin resistance was performed as previously described 6,7. Genomic DNA was extracted using Qiagen DNA isolation kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.…”

“…While whole genome sequencing data are available for CC15-MSSA, there are, to the best of our knowledge, no publications on the genomic data for the rare CC15-MRSA. Recently, we reported the first identification of CC15-MRSA from clinical infections and retail meat products in the Middle East 6,7. In light of the emergence of CC15-MRSA in our setting and to provide much-needed insight into the genetic make-up of this rare MRSA clone, we have carried out whole genome sequencing of these isolates.…”

Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Healthy Turkeys and Broilers Using DNA Microarrays

“…Although detection and genotyping of S. aureus was common in diseased poultry (Richter et al, 2012; Argudín et al, 2013; Monecke et al, 2013; Kraushaar et al, 2016) and from poultry meat (Boost et al, 2013; Buyukcangaz et al, 2013; Krupa et al, 2014; Abdalrahman et al, 2015; Kim et al, 2015; Sallam et al, 2015; Bortolaia et al, 2016; Kraushaar et al, 2016; Raji et al, 2016), characterization data of S. aureus isolates from healthy turkeys and broilers are still widely lacking.…”