Genetic characterization of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>isolates recovered from humans and animals in Australia

Feizabadi, Mohammad M.; Robertson, Ian D.; Cousins, Debby; Dawson, David J.; Chew, William; Gilbert, Gwendolyn L.; Hampson, David J.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800058945

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Second, phenotype-based differentiation may be used in combination with other methods to determine the relationships between species and strains of mycobacteria, especially in samples where DNA is degraded and the results of genetic analysis are unclear. For example, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), based on the variation in enzyme electrophoretic mobility, has been successfully used with a combination of DNAbased methods to distinguish M. paraffinicum from M. scrofulaceum (89) and to differentiate among M. avium (90,91) or M. abscessus (92) isolates. It is important to note that phenotype may significantly influence the data obtained by genotyping methods.…”

Section: Phenotype-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYMolecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods forMycobacterium tuberculosisand nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.

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Section: Phenotype-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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“…As well as insights into pathogenicity, MLEE studies have also provided considerable new knowledge on the epidemiology of disease outbreaks associated with a range of bacteria, e.g. Mycobacterium auium (Feizabadi et al, 1996) and Neisseria meningitidis (Weis & Lind, 1996). In this study, we have described a polyphasic approach that attempts to generate an overall view of the population structure of a collection of avian P. multocida isolates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and diversity of avian isolates of Pasteurella multocida from Australia

Blackall¹,

Fegan²,

Chew

et al. 1998

Microbiology

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A total of 110 isolates of Pasteurella multocida from Australian poultry and reference strains for the 16 somatic serovars plus the three subspecies (gallicida, multocida, septica) were analysed to examine their population structure and diversity. The 81 field isolates examined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) were diverse, being divided into 56 electrophoretic types (ETs), with the 19 reference strains in another 15 ETs. The population was clonal and somatic serotyping was not particularly useful in establishing relationships between isolates. The 71 ETs formed three distinct subclusters (A, B and C) at a genetic distance of 036. Biovars tended to be associated with these subclusters: A with biovars 1,3,4, 5 and 8 and B with biovars 2,6,7,9 and 10. Ribotyping, performed on all 110 isolates using Hpall, recognized 21 ribotypes forming nine clusters (Rl-Rg). The isolates in ribotype cluster R 1 were almost identical to those in MLEE cluster B. Using both MLEE and ribotyping, the 19 non-Australian reference strains were found to be distributed over the full diversity of the Australian isolates of P. multocida. This study has shown that a range of P. multocida clones are associated with fowl cholera in Australia and that many of the Australian isolates are similar to non-Australian reference strains. Both the MLEE results and the ribotyping data identified a previously unrecognized subset of P. multocida strains.

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“…A significant number of studies have been initiated to understand the epidemiology of these mycobacteria; nevertheless, the origin of MAC infections in humans remains a matter of speculation. It has been suggested that MAC infections in AIDS patients may be caused by a limited number of related M. avium strains Yakrus & Good, 1990), almost invariably belonging to serotypes 1, 4, 6 and 8 (Julander et al, 1996;Yakrus & Good, 1990), but other evidence indicates that they do not represent a single clonal lineage (Feizabadi et al, 1996). Here we address the issue of phylogenetic relationships among M. avium serotypes by using, as markers, genes associated with the strains' serological properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Mycobacterium avium strains inferred from glycopeptidolipid biosynthesis pathway genes

2004

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The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) encompasses two species, M. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare, which are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. The standard method of MAC strain differentiation is serotyping based on a variation in the antigenic glycopeptidolipid (GPL) composition. To elucidate the relationships among M. avium serotypes a phylogenetic analysis of 13 reference and clinical M. avium strains from 8 serotypes was performed using as markers two genomic regions (890 bp of the gtfB gene and 2150 bp spanning the rtfA-mtfC genes) which are associated with the strains' serological properties. Strains belonging to three other known M. avium serotypes were not included in the phylogeny inference due to apparent lack of the marker sequences in their genomes, as revealed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. These studies suggest that serotypes prevalent in AIDS patients have multiple origins. In trees inferred from both markers, serotype 1 strains, known to have the simplest and shortest GPLs among all other serotypes, were polyphyletic. Likewise, comparisons of the inferred phylogenies with the molecular typing results imply that the existing tools used in epidemiological studies may be poor estimators of M. avium strain relatedness. Additionally, trees inferred from each marker had significantly incongruent topologies due to a well supported alternative placement of strain 2151, suggesting a complex evolutionary history of this genomic region.

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Genetic characterization ofMycobacterium aviumisolates recovered from humans and animals in Australia

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Population structure and diversity of avian isolates of Pasteurella multocida from Australia

Phylogeny of Mycobacterium avium strains inferred from glycopeptidolipid biosynthesis pathway genes

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