Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses from poultry in Taiwan, 2015

Huang, Peiyu; Lee, Chang-Chun David; Yip, Chun-Hung; Cheung, Y. M.; Yu, Guangchuang; Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Smith, David K.; Zhu, Hua; Guan, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.12.006

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The Taiwanese H5N2 evolved to a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in 2012; sequence analysis indicated that these H5N2 viruses harbor multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the HA-connecting peptides and that they cocirculate with H6N1 (Lee et al, 2014). In early 2015, three novel H5Nx viruses (H5N2, H5N3, and H5N8, all of which belong to Asian HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4) emerged in Taiwan (Huang et al, 2016). These H5Nx viruses mainly affected geese, where they caused high mortality (Lee et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Reassortant Avian Influenza H5N2 Virus NS1 Proteins on Viral Compatibility and Regulation of Immune Responses

et al. 2020

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Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cause severe diseases in poultry worldwide. H6N1 AIV was the dominant enzootic subtype in 1985 in the chicken farms of Taiwan until the initial outbreak of a low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 virus in 2003; thereafter, this and other LPAIs have been sporadically detected. In 2015, the outbreak of three novel H5Nx viruses of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) emerged and devastated Taiwanese chicken and waterfowl industries. The mechanism of variation in pathogenicity among these viruses is unclear; but, in light of the many biological functions of viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1), including interferon (IFN) antagonist and host range determinant, we hypothesized that NS genetic diversity contributes to AIV pathogenesis. To determine the impact of NS1 variants on viral infection dynamics, we established a reverse genetics system with the genetic backbone of the enzootic Taiwanese H6N1 for generation of reassortant AIVs carrying exogenous NS segments of three different Taiwanese H5N2 strains. We observed distinct cellular distributions of NS1 among the reassortant viruses. Moreover, exchange of the NS segment significantly influenced growth kinetics and induction of cytokines [IFN-α, IFN-β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] in an NS1-and host-specific manner. The impact of NS1 variants on viral replication appears related to their synergic effects on viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and IFN response. With these approaches, we revealed that NS1 is a key factor responsible for the diverse characteristics of AIVs in Taiwan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Reassortant Avian Influenza H5N2 Virus NS1 Proteins on Viral Compatibility and Regulation of Immune Responses

et al. 2020

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“…The pathogenicity and phylogenetic characteristics of the H5 HPAIV of clade 2.3.4.4 have been analyzed intensively , but the antigenicity of these viruses is not well understood . In particular, the antigenic structure of each antigenic site in the HA of clade 2.3.4.4 is still unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antigenic diversity of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 isolated in Asia

Ohkawara

Okamatsu

Ozawa

et al. 2017

Microbiology and Immunology

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H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) have spread in both poultry and wild birds since late 2003. Continued circulation of HPAIV in poultry in several regions of the world has led to antigenic drift. In the present study, we analyzed the antigenic properties of H5 HPAIV isolated in Asia using four neutralizing mAbs recognizing hemagglutinin, which were established using A/chicken/Kumamoto/1-7/2014 (H5N8), belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 and also using polyclonal antibodies. Viruses of clades 1.1, 2.3.2.1, 2.3.4, and 2.3.4.4 had different reactivity patterns to the panel of mAbs, thereby indicating that the antigenicity of the viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 were similar but differed from the other clades. In particular, the antigenicity of the viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 differed from those of the viruses of clades 2.3.4 and 2.3.2.1, which suggests that the recent H5 HPAIV have further evolved antigenically divergent. In addition, reactivity of antiserum suggests that the antigenicity of viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 differed slightly among groups A, B, and C. Vaccines are still used in poultry in endemic countries, so the antigenicity of H5 HPAIV should be monitored continually to facilitate control of avian influenza. The panel of mAbs established in the present study will be useful for detecting antigenic drift in the H5 viruses that emerge from the current strains.

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“…Almost all of the Buan genotypes contain the 1.3.1.6.1 pattern for the HA, M1, M2, NA and NS1 genes. There was a significant reassortment of the virus from the Buan group during the 2015 Taiwanese out-break where there are different lineages for the N8 neuraminidase and NS1 proteins [33,34]. All of the other genotype variations are in the NS2 and polymerase genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Article The Genotype Diversity within the H5N8 Influenza A Subtype

Dalby

Tinworth

Iqbal

2018

Preprint

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11The H5N8 influenza subtype has been involved in the global spread of the Guangdong 12 variant of the H5 hemagglutinin. The sequence data from all of the complete genomes 13 from the H5N8 subtype was used to analyse the genotype diversity. Clustering analysis 14 was used to assign lineages to each of the segments where different lineages were 15 present. The results show that there have been multiple reassortment events both within 16 the Guangdong and non-Guangdong H5 hemagglutinin containing variants. The 17 Guangdong H5 variants can be subdivided further into two sub-lineages 2.3.4.4.A and 18 2.3.4.4.B that have undergone reassortment in both the far east and the United States. 19

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Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses from poultry in Taiwan, 2015

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

The Impacts of Reassortant Avian Influenza H5N2 Virus NS1 Proteins on Viral Compatibility and Regulation of Immune Responses

The Impacts of Reassortant Avian Influenza H5N2 Virus NS1 Proteins on Viral Compatibility and Regulation of Immune Responses

Antigenic diversity of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 isolated in Asia

Article The Genotype Diversity within the H5N8 Influenza A Subtype

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