Genetic characterization of group A rotavirus strains circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan in 2004–2005

Phan, Tung Gia; Khamrin, Pattara; Quang, Trinh Duy; Dey, Shuvra Kanti; Yagyu, Fumihiro; Okitsu, Shoko; Nishio, Osamu; Ushijima, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2006.10.002

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Simultaneously in Europe, a new GII.4 variant, GII.4b, emerged and caused outbreaks during the winter, spring, and summer (54–58). The incidence of NoV outbreaks during the winter of 2002–2003 was the highest on record, as reported in the United States and Europe (5, 59, 60).…”

Section: Nov Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of NoV outbreaks during the winter of 2002–2003 was the highest on record, as reported in the United States and Europe (5, 59, 60). In 2004, the Hunter GII.4 variant was detected in Australia, Europe, and Asia (58, 61, 62). This strain was replaced in early 2006 by two new co‐circulating GII.4 variants in the United States, Europe, and Asia (63).…”

Section: Nov Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus pathogenesis: mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in human populations

Donaldson

Lindesmith

LoBue

et al. 2008

Immunological Reviews

215

184

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Noroviruses are important human pathogens known to cause epidemic outbreaks of severe gastroenteritis in communities, military barracks, cruise ships, hospitals, and assisted living communities, resulting in over 267,000,000 annual infections worldwide. Diversity within the norovirus genus allows this virus to persist in human populations, although a single genocluster, the GII.4 noroviruses, currently accounts for approximately 80% of all infections. Noroviruses bind to the polymorphic histoblood group antigens (HBGAs), which act as the putative cellular receptor, and strains from different genoclusters bind various HBGAs. Human challenge studies using viruses from different genoclusters have demonstrated that norovirus immunity is complicated and probably confounded by pre-existing exposure histories and variable immune responses. Evidence for both short-term and long-term immunity has been demonstrated, but the molecular mechanisms mediating differential immune responses in the face of infection remain unclear. Studies with virus-like particles from the GII.4 genocluster demonstrated that variation in and around the receptor-binding domain results in differential HBGA binding and altered antigenicity. These observations suggest that the norovirus capsid evolves to evade the memory immune response while retaining its ability to bind any of several HBGAs. In this review, we discuss how evolution within the capsid drives receptor switching and allows escape from herd immunity.

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Section: Nov Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nov Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus pathogenesis: mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in human populations

Donaldson

Lindesmith

LoBue

et al. 2008

Immunological Reviews

215

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…GII type 4 (GII.4) was present in the mid‐1970s and is now the leading cause of NoV‐associated acute gastroenteritis in humans (Phan et al . ; Okada et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular detection and characterization of noroviruses in river water in Thailand

Inoue

Motomura

Boonchan³

et al. 2016

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Our study is the first paper that multiple genogroups and genotypes of norovirus exist, and are circulating in the river water near Bangkok, Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of four GII.4 variant groups pro-circulated after the Den Haag_2006b, New Orleans_2009 and Sydney_2012 that caused outbreaks in the world. Continued research will be essential for understanding the natural history of NoV and the control of future outbreaks.

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“…Norovirus is now recognised as the most common cause of both epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis in adults in the developed world [Glass et al, ; Tam et al, ]. While the role of norovirus in sporadic paediatric gastroenteritis in industrialised countries is recognised increasingly [Pang et al, ; Phan et al, ; Iturriza‐Gomara et al, ], understanding of the genotype distribution of norovirus infections is biased towards data from outbreaks, especially those associated with food borne transmission and healthcare settings. In addition, norovirus epidemiology in childhood sporadic gastroenteritis in the developing world remains poorly described, with very few studies from Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and molecular characterisation of noroviruses in hospitalised children in Malawi, 1997–2007

Trainor

Lopman

Iturriza‐Gómara

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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Despite the increasing recognition of noroviruses as major pathogens associated with community-acquired diarrhoea in children, there are few studies from Africa. Long-term surveillance studies of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Malawian children have provided an opportunity to undertake a study of the importance and epidemiological features of norovirus infection in this population. Faecal specimens were collected from children <5 years of age admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea, as well as from a comparison group of diarrhoea-free children, in Blantyre, Malawi between 1997 and 2007. Norovirus was detected using real-time PCR and strains genotyped by nucleotide sequence analysis. Norovirus was detected in 220/1,941 (11.3%) faecal specimens, comprising genogroup GI (1.8%), GII (9.4%) and mixed GI/GII (0.1%). The median age of children with norovirus was 6 months (range, 0-48 months). Norovirus was detected throughout the year, with peaks at the end of the rainy season (March) and towards the end of the dry season (August-November). Norovirus GII.4 was the most commonly detected genotype accounting for 70% of strains characterised, followed by GII.2 (6%), GII.6 (4%) and GII.12 (4%). Sub typing of GII.4 noroviruses demonstrated local circulation of strains prior to their subsequent detection in association with global epidemics of gastroenteritis. The prevalence of norovirus in children without diarrhoea was similar to the level in cases. This largest study to date of norovirus infection in African children indicates the potential role of paediatric surveillance in predicting the emergence of norovirus strains with global epidemic potential.

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Genetic characterization of group A rotavirus strains circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan in 2004–2005

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Norovirus pathogenesis: mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in human populations

Norovirus pathogenesis: mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in human populations

Molecular detection and characterization of noroviruses in river water in Thailand

Detection and molecular characterisation of noroviruses in hospitalised children in Malawi, 1997–2007

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