Genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis by sequence analysis in humans and animals in Pemba Island, Tanzania

Cristanziano, Veronica Di; Santoro, Maristella; Parisi, Francesca; Albonico, Marco; Shaali, M.; Cave, David Di; Berrilli, Federica

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2013.11.004

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…were identified, as previously reported in African countries [12,17,26]. Regarding parasites, whereas the high rate of G. duodenalis confirms our previous data from Tanzania and Côte d'Ivoire, no patients were detected positive for C. hominis and C. parvum [27][28]. This might be due to the low number of samples tested but also because the xTAG GPP is not able to identify C. meleagridis, a species frequently reported in humans in Africa [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Application of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to human stool samples from Côte d’Ivoire

Cristanziano

Timmen-Wego

Lübke

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Gastrointestinal infections caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites are endemic in most developing countries due to inadequate provision of safe water supplies, sanitation, and hygiene. To investigate the enteric pathogens infecting people living in Côte d'Ivoire, the Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (xTAG GPP) assay was used to analyze 34 human fecal samples. This study represents the first application of this technology to samples from a sub-Saharan African country. Methodology: Thirty-four stool samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, 1-15 years of age, were analyzed by xTAG GPP. The Luminex assay represents a qualitative bead-based multiplexed molecular diagnostic test able to identify concurrently 15 enteric pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Results: Overall, 22 out of 34 (64.7%) fecal specimens were detected to be positive by xTAG GPP. Sixteen were from asymptomatic subjects, and 10 patients (45.4%) showed co-infections. G. duodenalis was detected in 15 patients, in both mono-and co-infections, representing the most frequent pathogen, followed by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST. Four norovirus isolates were also detected and assigned to genogroups I and II. Conclusions: Considering the burden of enteric infections in developing countries, particularly among children, and the high rate of coinfections in asymptomatic subjects, this study shows the need for diagnostic tools such as xTAG GPP to improve diagnosis and treatment of these infections in endemic areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Application of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to human stool samples from Côte d’Ivoire

Cristanziano

Timmen-Wego

Lübke

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In Africa, Cryptosporidium and Giardia have been reported in several domesticated animal species including cattle, sheep, goats, farmed buffalo, horses, poultry (chicken and turkey), pigs, cultured tilapia (fish) and dogs [26, 84, 93, 94, 97, 111, 123, 170–173]. However, the majority of research has been conducted on cattle.…”

Section: Cryptosporidium and Giardia In Domesticated Animals In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the majority of research has been conducted on cattle. Prevalence ranging from < 1% in calves [154] to > 86% in calves [174] have been reported for Cryptosporidium and < 6% [123] to > 30% [175] prevalence for Giardia in adult cattle and calves, respectively. As with most studies, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium was greater in young animals (1 day to 3 months) than older ones.…”

Section: Cryptosporidium and Giardia In Domesticated Animals In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assemblage A (subtypes AI and AII) has been reported in goats, cattle, buffalos, ducks and chickens from Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, Tanzania and Uganda and Assemblage B (BIV) and/or Assemblage A and B have been reported in goats, ducks and cattle from Cote d’Ivoire, and Tanzania [80, 106, 120, 123, 169, 175, 179]. Assemblage A was also identified in cultured tilapia and mullet ( Tilapia nilotica and Mugil cephalus , respectively) from Egypt [171].…”

Section: Cryptosporidium and Giardia In Domesticated Animals In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges

2017

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important causes of diarrhoeal illness. Adequate knowledge of the molecular diversity and geographical distribution of these parasites and the environmental and climatic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of these parasites in Africa. Cryptosporidium is associated with moderate to severe diarrhoea and increased mortality in African countries and both parasites negatively affect child growth and development. Malnutrition and HIV status are also important contributors to the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in African countries. Molecular typing of both parasites in humans, domestic animals and wildlife to date indicates a complex picture of both anthroponotic, zoonotic and spill-back transmission cycles that requires further investigation. For Cryptosporidium, the only available drug (nitazoxanide) is ineffective in HIV and malnourished individuals and therefore more effective drugs are a high priority. Several classes of drugs with good efficacy exist for Giardia, but dosing regimens are suboptimal and emerging resistance threatens clinical utility. Climate change and population growth are also predicted to increase both malnutrition and the prevalence of these parasites in water sources. Dedicated and co-ordinated commitments from African governments involving “One Health” initiatives with multidisciplinary teams of veterinarians, medical workers, relevant government authorities, and public health specialists working together are essential to control and prevent the burden of disease caused by these parasites.

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“…The use of small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA gene sequences has become widespread in the field of systematics [25][26][27][28]. Molecular phylogenies using partial and complete 18S rDNA sequence data have been constructed to examine arrangements of and relationships within the major groups of parasitic worms [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships of Paradiclybothrium pacificum and Diclybothrium armatum (Monogenoidea: Diclybothriidae) inferred from 18S rDNA sequence data

Rozhkovan

Shedko

2015

Parasitology International

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Genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis by sequence analysis in humans and animals in Pemba Island, Tanzania

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Application of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to human stool samples from Côte d’Ivoire

Application of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to human stool samples from Côte d’Ivoire

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges

Phylogenetic relationships of Paradiclybothrium pacificum and Diclybothrium armatum (Monogenoidea: Diclybothriidae) inferred from 18S rDNA sequence data

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