Genetic characterization of canine influenza A virus (H3N2) in Thailand

Bunpapong, Napawan; Nonthabenjawan, Nutthawan; Chaiwong, Supassama; Tangwangvivat, Ratanaporn; Boonyapisitsopa, Supanat; Jairak, Waleemas; Tuanudom, Ranida; Prakairungnamthip, Duangduean; Suradhat, Sanipa; Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje; Amonsin, Alongkorn

doi:10.1007/s11262-013-0978-z

Cited by 61 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…Since the discovery of H3N2 CIV in 2007, most studies have focused on the genetic and virological characterization of individual isolates (6, 16, 18-21, 23, 25, 26) and on clinical and epidemiological investigations (20,(22)(23)(24). Here we compiled all the publicly available complete genome sequences of CIV and carried out a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis to elucidate its evolutionary history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, H3N2 CIVs have often been isolated in dogs in both China and South Korea, indicating that this virus is stably circulating in the Asian canine population (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Moreover, the geographical distribution of this virus is rapidly expanding, as it has also been isolated in dogs in Thailand (23). Notably, H3N2 CIV seems to have a broad host range, as it has been isolated from cats during an outbreak of respiratory disease in a shelter in South Korea (24,25), and experimental studies have shown that H3N2 CIV can infect ferrets, although transmission in this species seems to be limited (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Origins and Evolutionary Dynamics of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus

Zhu

Hughes

Murcia

2015

J Virol

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are maintained mainly in wild birds, and despite frequent spillover infections of avian IAVs into mammals, only a small number of viruses have become established in mammalian hosts. A new H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) of avian origin emerged in Asia in the mid-2000s and is now circulating in dog populations of China and South Korea, and possibly in Thailand. The emergence of CIV provides new opportunities for zoonotic infections and interspecies transmission. We examined 14,764 complete IAV genomes together with all CIV genomes publicly available since its first isolation until 2013. We show that CIV may have originated as early as 1999 as a result of segment reassortment among Eurasian and North American avian IAV lineages. We also identified amino acid changes that might have played a role in CIV emergence, some of which have not been previously identified in other cross-species jumps. CIV evolves at a lower rate than H3N2 human influenza viruses do, and viral phylogenies exhibit geographical structure compatible with high levels of local transmission. We detected multiple intrasubtypic and heterosubtypic reassortment events, including the acquisition of the NS segment of an H5N1 avian influenza virus that had previously been overlooked. In sum, our results provide insight into the adaptive changes required by avian viruses to establish themselves in mammals and also highlight the potential role of dogs to act as intermediate hosts in which viruses with zoonotic and/or pandemic potential could originate, particularly with an estimated dog population of ϳ700 million. IMPORTANCEInfluenza A viruses circulate in humans and animals. This multihost ecology has important implications, as past pandemics were caused by IAVs carrying gene segments of both human and animal origin. Adaptive evolution is central to cross-species jumps, and this is why understanding the evolutionary processes that shape influenza A virus genomes is key to elucidating the mechanisms underpinning viral emergence. An avian-origin canine influenza virus (CIV) has recently emerged in dogs and is spreading in Asia. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of CIV and show that it originated from both Eurasian and North American avian lineages. We also identified the mutations that might have been responsible for the cross-species jump. Finally, we provide evidence of multiple reassortment events between CIV and other influenza viruses (including an H5N1 avian virus). This is a cause for concern, as there is a large global dog population to which humans are highly exposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolutionary Dynamics of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus

Zhu

Hughes

Murcia

2015

J Virol

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“…While there was evidence of additional EIV transmission events into dogs in the United States,6 there was no evidence of sustained transmission of these other events, nor were there reports of CIV transfer back to horses or to humans 7. An H3N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) was detected in dogs in Asia in ~2005 and now appears to be endemic 8, 9, 10, 11. H3N2 subtype viruses are endemic in swine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The avian‐origin H3N2 canine influenza virus that recently emerged in the United States has limited replication in swine

Abente

Anderson

Rajão

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Equine‐origin H3N8 has circulated in dogs in the United States since 1999. A genetically and antigenically distinct avian‐origin H3N2 canine influenza was detected in March of 2015 in Chicago, Illinois. Subsequent outbreaks were reported with over 1000 dogs in the Midwest affected followed by 23 additional states with detections within 5 months. The potential for canine‐to‐swine transmission was unknown. Experimental infection in pigs showed this virus does not replicate efficiently in swine.

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“…The H3N2 CIV most likely arose around 2005 or 2006 in China but was first recognized in South Korea around the same time, and the virus or specific antibodies have since been detected in many parts of China and Korea, as well as Thailand (41)(42)(43)(44). The epidemiology of the H3N2 CIV is still poorly understood, but some reports indicate moderate seroprevalence in some household dog populations, and it has been transferred over long distances both within and between the three countries in which has been detected (45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Populations of farmed dogs may play a role in the maintenance of the virus (46). H3N2 CIV is an avian virus-like strain, and all isolates share a single common ancestor, but the circumstances of the transfer are unknown, and its gene segments are related to both Eurasian and American avian influenza virus lineages (42,47). H3N2 CIV appears to have a relatively broad host range, and the virus naturally infects cats and spreads among them under some circumstances (48).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%