Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus in Various Outbreaks in Central and Southern Vietnam During 2019–2021

Mai, Nguyen; Ngo, Tram Thi Ngoc; Nguyen, Duyen M. T.; Lai, Danh Cong; Nguyen, Hai Ngoc; Nguyen, Trang Thi; Lee, Joo Young; Nguyen, Teron; Tien, Duy

doi:10.1007/s00284-022-03033-x

“…The present study also conducted an in-depth analysis of B646L (p72 Overall the results of the present study and a previous study (10)(11)(12) showed high stability and no genetic diversity in the B646L (p72) gene in the ASFV genome. One study conducted B646L (p72) gene in China also shows that ASFV genotype II is predominant among the 24 genotypes (13).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Characterization ofB646L(p72) gene and the resistance pattern of African swine fever Virus tolerant to indigenous Doom Pig breeds of India

Das

¹

,

Sonowal

²

,

Sengar

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

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African Swine Fever (ASF) has affected all pig breeds in North-East India since 2020, except Doom pigs, a unique indigenous breed from Assam and the closest progenitor to Indian wild pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for pig farmers in the region. Based on the complete sequences of the B646L (p72) gene, it has been determined that the virus responsible for the outbreak is ASFV genotype II. The further characterization of three complete sequences of the B646L (p72) gene established 100% identical with other existing sequences of different parts of the world as well as confirmed that there is no co-circulation of different genotypes of ASFV in India except genotype II. Present studies also corroborate that MYD88, LDHB and IFIT1 were important genes of the immune system involved in the pathogenesis of ASFV. The differential expression patterns of these genes in ASFV-infected survived, and healthy Doom breed pigs, compared to healthy control pigs, were studied to distinguish the expression pattern at different stages. The hardiness and ability of the Doom pig to withstand common pig diseases, along with its genetic resemblance to wild pigs, make it an ideal candidate for studying tolerance to ASFV infection. So, the present study investigates the natural resistance to ASF in Doom pigs from an endemic area in North-East India to support the proposition that Doom pigs can co-exist with virulent ASFVs recently break in North-East India. The results of this study also provide important molecular insights into the regulation of the ASFV-tolerant gene.

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“…The results of this study revealed that B646L (p72) gene showed 100% similarity with ASFV isolates detected previously in other countries. Overall the results of the present study and a previous study [10][11][12] showed high stability and no genetic diversity in the B646L (p72) gene in the ASFV genome. One study conducted B646L (p72) gene in China also shows that ASFV genotype II is predominant among the 24 genotypes [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus outbreak in India and Comparative Analysis of Immune Genes in Infected and Survived Crossbreed vs. Indigenous Doom Pigs

Das,

Sonowal,

Sengar

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African Swine Fever (ASF) has affected all pig breeds in North-East India since 2020, except Doom pigs, a unique indigenous breed from Assam and the closest progenitor to Indian wild pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for pig farmers in the region. Based on the complete sequences of the B646L (p72) gene, it has been determined that the virus responsible for the outbreak is ASFV genotype II. The further characterization of three complete sequences of the B646L (p72) gene established 100% identical with other existing sequences of different parts of the world as well as confirmed that there is no co-circulation of different genotypes of ASFV in India except genotype II. Present studies also corroborate that MYD88, LDHB and IFIT1 were important genes of the immune system involved in the pathogenesis of ASFV. The differential expression patterns of these genes in ASFV-infected survived, and healthy Doom breed pigs, compared to healthy control pigs, were studied to distinguish the expression pattern at different stages. The hardiness and ability of the Doom pig to withstand common pig diseases, along with its genetic resemblance to wild pigs, make it an ideal candidate for studying tolerance to ASFV infection. So, the present study investigates the natural resistance to ASF in Doom pigs from an endemic area in North-East India to support the proposition that Doom pigs can co-exist with virulent ASFVs recently break in North-East India. The results of this study also provide important molecular insights into the regulation of the ASFV-tolerant gene.

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“…The virus strains isolated in Southeast Asian countries (Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia) are highly homologous to each other and genetically similar to the genotype II ASFV isolated in China ( 88–90 ). Indeed, there are frequent reports of illegal cross-border movement of animals and meat products between China and Vietnam ( 11 , 90 , 91 ). Genetic analyses of ASFV isolates from domestic pigs in northern Vietnam have shown the continuous introduction of Chinese ASFV strains via illegal trade ( 92 , 93 ), further highlighting that illegally attenuated vaccine strains of ASFV recently discovered in China have already spread to neighboring countries ( 90 , 94 ).…”

Section: Asf Subregional Update In Southeast Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, there are frequent reports of illegal cross-border movement of animals and meat products between China and Vietnam ( 11 , 90 , 91 ). Genetic analyses of ASFV isolates from domestic pigs in northern Vietnam have shown the continuous introduction of Chinese ASFV strains via illegal trade ( 92 , 93 ), further highlighting that illegally attenuated vaccine strains of ASFV recently discovered in China have already spread to neighboring countries ( 90 , 94 ). As many Southeast Asian countries share land borders, pig traders move across borders, and evidence of ASF infection has been found in brought-in pigs and pork products at various locations ( 95 , 96 ).…”

Section: Asf Subregional Update In Southeast Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

What can we learn from the five-year African swine fever epidemic in Asia?

Ito,

Kawaguchi,

Bosch

et al. 2023

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Today’s global swine industry is exposed to the unprecedented threat of African swine fever (ASF). Asia, the site of the most recent epidemics, could serve as a huge viral reservoir for the rest of the world given the severity of the damage, the huge swine industry, and the high volume of trade with other countries around the world. As the majority of ASF notifications in Asia today originate from pig farms, the movement of live pigs and associated pork products are considered critical control points for disease management. Particularly, small-scale or backyard farms with low biosecurity levels are considered major risk factors. Meanwhile, wild boars account for most notified cases in some countries and regions, which makes the epidemiological scenario different from that in other Asian countries. As such, the current epidemic situation and higher risk factors differ widely between these countries. A variety of studies on ASF control have been conducted and many valuable insights have been obtained in Asia; nevertheless, the overall picture of the epidemic is still unclear. The purpose of this review is to provide an accurate picture of the epidemic situation across Asia, focusing on each subregion to comprehensively explain the disease outbreak. The knowledge gained from the ASF epidemics experienced in Asia over the past 5 years would be useful for disease control in areas that are already infected, such as Europe, as well as for non-affected areas to address preventive measures. To this end, the review includes two aspects: a descriptive analytical review based on publicly available databases showing overall epidemic trends, and an individualized review at the subregional level based on the available literature.

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Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus in Various Outbreaks in Central and Southern Vietnam During 2019–2021

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Characterization ofB646L(p72) gene and the resistance pattern of African swine fever Virus tolerant to indigenous Doom Pig breeds of India

Characterization ofB646L(p72) gene and the resistance pattern of African swine fever Virus tolerant to indigenous Doom Pig breeds of India

Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus outbreak in India and Comparative Analysis of Immune Genes in Infected and Survived Crossbreed vs. Indigenous Doom Pigs

What can we learn from the five-year African swine fever epidemic in Asia?

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