Genetic Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5N6/H5N5), Germany, 2017–2018

Pohlmann, Anne; Hoffmann, Donata; Grund, Christian; Koethe, Susanne; Hüssy, Daniela; Meier, Simone Martina; King, Jacqueline; Schinköthe, Jan; Ulrich, Reiner; Harder, Timm; Beer, Martin

doi:10.3201/eid2510.181931

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It remains to be seen whether virulence of the H5N8 HPAI virus will change as it further evolves within the international metapopulation of wild birds and poultry. It also remains to be seen how the zoonotic potential of the H5N8 HPAI virus will change; based on experimental ferret infections with three of the viruses discussed here, the adaption of H5N8 HPAI virus to avian hosts was associated with a reduced zoonotic potential (40,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Lycett

Pohlmann

Staubach

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cause severe disease in poultry and wild birds, and occasionally in humans. In recent years, H5 HPAI viruses of this lineage infecting poultry in Asia have spilled over into wild birds and spread via bird migration to countries in Europe, Africa, and North America. In 2016/2017, this spillover resulted in the largest HPAI epidemic on record in Europe and was associated with an unusually high frequency of reassortments between H5 HPAI viruses and cocirculating low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Here, we show that the seven main H5 reassortant viruses had various combinations of gene segments 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Using detailed time-resolved phylogenetic analysis, most of these gene segments likely originated from wild birds and at dates and locations that corresponded to their hosts’ migratory cycles. However, some gene segments in two reassortant viruses likely originated from domestic anseriforms, either in spring 2016 in east China or in autumn 2016 in central Europe. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to domestic anseriforms in Asia, both migratory wild birds and domestic anseriforms in Europe are relevant sources of gene segments for recent reassortant H5 HPAI viruses. The ease with which these H5 HPAI viruses reassort, in combination with repeated spillovers of H5 HPAI viruses into wild birds, increases the risk of emergence of a reassortant virus that persists in wild bird populations yet remains highly pathogenic for poultry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Lycett

Pohlmann

Staubach

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The severe European epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV), peaking during the winter of 2016-2017, was dominated by viral swarm incursions and frequent reassortment events [1]. All belonged to group B of clade 2.3.4.4, six reassortants classifying into three subtypes were identified in Germany from November 2016 to August 2018 [2][3][4]. Phylogenetic analyses of the H5N8 subtypes pointed to individual incursion events, as similar H5N8 HPAIV reassortants were found prior to the German epizootic in migratory wild water bird molting and resting areas in the regions surrounding Tartastan, Kurgan, and Lake Chany, Russian Federation [2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel HPAIV H5N8 Reassortant (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Detected in Germany

King

Schulze²,

Engelhardt³

et al. 2020

Viruses

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A novel H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was detected in a greater white-fronted goose in January 2020 in Brandenburg, Germany, and, in February 2020, in domestic chickens belonging to a smallholding in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. Full-genome sequencing was conducted on the MinION platform, enabling further phylogenetic analyses. The virus of clade 2.3.4.4b holds six segments from a Eurasian/Asian/African HPAIV H5N8 reassortant and two segments from low pathogenic avian influenza H3N8 subtype viruses recently detected in wild birds in Central Russia. These new entries continue to show the reassortment potential of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses, underlining the necessity for full-genome sequencing and continuous surveillance.

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“…These viruses had undergone further reassortments with prevailing LPAI viruses in wild birds and spread to Europe, Africa, and Asia in winter 2016-17 following the migration of wild birds [14][15][16][17][18]. In addition, these viruses further spread over large geographical areas in Asia, Africa, and Europe through wild birds and poultry trade in 2017-2018 winter [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup B H5Nx viruses caused multiple outbreaks in South Korea in winter 2016-17 and 2017-18, which were most likely introduced by wild waterfowl [18][19][20][21][22][23]. The clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup B strains responsible for the outbreaks in South Korea had not been detected in the country since April 2018, despite large-scale active surveillance targeting both wild birds and poultry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Subtype H5N8 Virus Isolated from Mandarin Duck in South Korea, 2020

Jeong

Lee

Kwon

et al. 2020

Viruses

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In October 2020, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N8 virus was identified from a fecal sample of a wild mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) in South Korea. We sequenced all eight genome segments of the virus, designated as A/Mandarin duck/Korea/K20-551-4/2020(H5N8), and conducted genetic characterization and comparative phylogenetic analysis to track its origin. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis show that the hemagglutinin gene belongs to H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup B. All genes share high levels of nucleotide identity with H5N8 HPAI viruses identified from Europe during early 2020. Enhanced active surveillance in wild and domestic birds is needed to monitor the introduction and spread of HPAI via wild birds and to inform the design of improved prevention and control strategies.

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Genetic Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5N6/H5N5), Germany, 2017–2018

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Novel HPAIV H5N8 Reassortant (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Detected in Germany

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Subtype H5N8 Virus Isolated from Mandarin Duck in South Korea, 2020

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