Genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of Parascaris spp. from Equus zebra, E. caballus, and E. asinus

Peng, Zhiwei; Shen, Daleng; Zhang, Danyu; Liu, Xiuyun; Wang, Lixing; Zhai, Qian; Hou, Zhijun; Li, Heping

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.06.013

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Journal Pre-proof were coming from donkeys in China with >99% identity among each other and they formed a distinct subcluster with very high statistical support (Peng et al, 2019). This subcluster was rooted within the larger cluster of sequences containing all karyotyped P. univalens samples (Fig.…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…1) revealed very close relationships between most of the sequences, no matter if they were deposited in GenBank as P. univalens or P. equorum. The only exception was a group of three sequences, assigned by Peng et al (2019) without performing karyotyping as P. univalens genotypes M4, M11 and M15. All…”

Section: Internal Transcribed Spacersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 31 sequences in this cluster, 32 were identical while the other 2 showed 99.7% identity. Three sequences from isolates M4, M11 and M15, all from donkeys from China and assigned by Peng et al (2019) as P. univalens without karyotyping were located outside of the main cluster as a highly supported sister cluster rooted in a basal position to the main group (Fig. 2).…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This group contained both P. univalens and P. equorum sequences and all of the karyotyped P. univalens were included here. A highly supported subcluster, rooted within this large group, was represented by five additional sequences, P. univalens isolates M14, M15, M17, M18, M19 (all not karyotyped), again all coming from donkeys in China (Peng et al, 2019) showed 99.4 -100% identity among each other but only 92.5 -94.3% identity to the members of the large group. Again, the branch length connecting the Chinese isolates from donkeys with the other Parascaris specimens was much longer than the branches connecting the two Ascaris species.…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Very low intraspecific sequence variation in selected nuclear and mitochondrial Parascaris univalens genes

Samson‐Himmelstjerna

Janssen

Ramünke

et al. 2021

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Internal Transcribed Spacersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Very low intraspecific sequence variation in selected nuclear and mitochondrial Parascaris univalens genes

Samson‐Himmelstjerna

Janssen

Ramünke

et al. 2021

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…A phylogenetic analysis of Parascaris spp. parasites from the mountain zebra ( Equus zebra , Linnaeus, 1758 ), domestic horse, and wild ass ( Equus asinus , Gray, 1824) using the mitochondrial genes cox1 and nadh1 , demonstrated that the worms from E. asinus formed a distinct clade compared to specimens collected from the other two Equus species (Peng et al 2019 ). A recent whole-genome study of specimens from horses, donkeys ( Equus africanus asinus , Linnaeus, 1758 ), and zebras also indicated distinct clades for P. univalens specimens—some of which were confirmed via karyotyping—found within horses and those found in zebras and donkeys (Han et al 2022 ).…”

Section: A Tale Of Two Cryptic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The equine ascarids: resuscitating historic model organisms for modern purposes

Cain

Nielsen

2022

Parasitol Res

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The equine ascarids, Parascaris spp., are important nematode parasites of juvenile horses and were historically model organisms in the field of cell biology, leading to many important discoveries, and are used for the study of chromatin diminution. In veterinary parasitology, Parascaris spp. are important not only because they can cause clinical disease in young horses but also because they are the only ascarid parasites to have developed widespread anthelmintic resistance. Despite this, much of the general biology and mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance are poorly understood. This review condenses known basic biological information and knowledge on the mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance in Parascaris spp., highlighting the importance of foundational research programs. Although two variants of this parasite were recognized based on the number of chromosomes in the 1870s and suggested to be two species in 1890, one of these, P. univalens , appears to have been largely forgotten in the veterinary scientific literature over the past 100 years. We describe how this omission has had a century-long effect on nomenclature and data analysis in the field, highlighting the importance of proper specimen identification in public repositories. A summary of important basic biology, including life cycle, in vitro maintenance, and immunology, is given, and areas of future research for the improvement of knowledge and development of new systems are given. Finally, the limited knowledge regarding anthelmintic resistance in Parascaris spp. is summarized, along with caution regarding assumptions that resistance mechanisms can be applied across clades.

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Horse and donkey parasitology: differences and analogies for a correct diagnostic and management of major helminth infections

et al. 2023

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In June 2022, at the XXXII Conference of the Italian Society of Parasitology, the parallels of the main endoparasitic infections of horses and donkeys were discussed. Although these 2 species are genetically different, they can be challenged by a similar range of parasites (i.e. small and large strongyles, and Parascaris spp.). Although equids can demonstrate some level of resilience to parasites, they have quite distinct helminth biodiversity, distribution and intensity among different geographical locations and breeds. Heavily infected donkeys may show fewer clinical signs than horses. Although parasite control is primarily provided to horses, we consider that there may be a risk of drug-resistance parasitic infection through passive infection in donkeys when sharing the same pasture areas. Knowing the possible lack of drug efficacy (<90 or 80%), it is advocated the use of selective treatment for both species based on fecal egg counts. Adult horses should receive treatment when the threshold exceeds 200–500 eggs per gram (EPG) of small strongyles. Moreover, considering that there are no precise indications in donkeys, a value >300 EPG may be a safe recommendation. We have highlighted the main points of the discussion including the dynamics of helminth infections between the 2 species.

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Genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of Parascaris spp. from Equus zebra, E. caballus, and E. asinus

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Very low intraspecific sequence variation in selected nuclear and mitochondrial Parascaris univalens genes

Very low intraspecific sequence variation in selected nuclear and mitochondrial Parascaris univalens genes

The equine ascarids: resuscitating historic model organisms for modern purposes

Horse and donkey parasitology: differences and analogies for a correct diagnostic and management of major helminth infections

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