Genetic characterisation of small ruminant lentiviruses in sheep and goats from the Czech Republic

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infections on sheep and goat farms which are exempt from state monitoring and carry molecular characterisation of strains circulating amongst these farms without SRLV eradication. A total number of 3,410 blood samples of sheep and goats from 21 herds were collected for the purpose of the project. The detected serological prevalence of maedi visna in sheep was 19.9% (556/2801) and the seroprevalence of caprine arthritis and encephalitis in goats was 14.1% (86/609). All positive animals were tested by the nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) method for the presence of provirus in the buffy-coats from EDTA-blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis of 93 SRLV strains identified the genotype in 77 sequences, where 60 of them were genotype A and 17 belonged to genotype B. Whereas all of the genotype B sequences were classified in subtype B2, the genotype A group of isolates showed higher variability and were related to subgenotypes A2 and A3. This study represents the first report of genetic characterisation of SRLV strains circulating in the territory of the Czech Republic. Maedi visna, caprine arthritis, nested PCR, ELISA

First study on the molecular prevalence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats in Babylon, Iraq

“…Furthermore, the results of Barták et al . [ 25 ] from the Czech Republic were higher than our results which revealed that the infection rate of CAEV in goats is 14.1%. Overall, the worldwide prevalence of CAEV has a large range of variation that could be as low as in Mexico at 3.6% and Iraq at 5.88% (current results) and high in Brazil at 75% [ 6 ].…”

Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…with SRLV infection in sheep that are absent of our study because no public publications from those countries were found, or they did not fulfilled the inclusion criteria. On the contrary, from 2005 to 2019, China, Costa Rica, Iran, Morocco, and Pakistan have never reported SRLV infection to the OIE and India, Lebanon, Czech Republic, Syria, and Turkey appear as “disease absent” despite available scientific descriptions from all these countries [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 55 , 67 ]. First reports on SRLV infection in Brazil according to OIE are from 2017, whereas scientific publications already reported the disease in 2007 [ 69 ].…”

“… 1 N, number of animals tested; 2 CI 95%, 95% confidence interval; 3 I 2 , heterogeneity statistic; 4 N/A, not applicable; 5 [ 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 ]; 6 [ 11 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 54 , 55 ]; 7 [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]; 8 [ 67 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. …”

Pathological, molecular, and serological study of small ruminant lentiviruses in Jordan

“…The results our study presented here reveal that SRLVs sheep individual seropositivity in northern governorates of Jordan (40.1%, n = 633) is significantly higher than that in other six countries where the same commercial indirect MVV/CAEV ELISA kit was used (3.4%, n = 2801 in Czech Republic [32], 34.0%, n = 147 in KSA [33], 19.9%, n = 3903 in Serbia [34], 3.2%, n = 494 in Ethiopia [35], 16.2%, n = 210 in Iraq [36], and 2%, n = 359 in Costa Rica [37]). SRLVs goat individual seropositivity (18.5%, n = 173) in northern governorates of Jordan was significantly lower than that in KSA (38.8%, n = 103) [33] and not significantly higher than that in Czech Republic (14.1%, n = 609) [32] and Serbia (13.2%, n = 1136) [34] (Figure -4). In Lebanon, the individual and herd seropositivity of Maedi in Awassi sheep were higher that the seropositivity in our study (71% and 100%, respectively) [20].…”