Genetic Basis of Starvation Survival in Nondifferentiating Bacteria

Matin, Abdul; Auger, Elizabeth A.; Blum, Paul H.; Schultz, J. E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.43.100189.001453

Cited by 320 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

204

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, a strong decline of bacterial biomass was observed in many studies under conditions of nutrient limitation and oxic starvation of bacteria (Matin et al, 1989;del Giorgio and Cole, 1998). This contrasts with observations under anoxic conditions.…”

Section: Utility Of Cordaf For the Understanding Of Bacterial Communimentioning

confidence: 65%

Analysis of bacterial core communities in the central Baltic by comparative RNA–DNA-based fingerprinting provides links to structure–function relationships

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding structure-function links of microbial communities is a central theme of microbial ecology since its beginning. To this end, we studied the spatial variability of the bacterioplankton community structure and composition across the central Baltic Sea at four stations, which were up to 450 km apart and at a depth profile representative for the central part (Gotland Deep, 235 m). Bacterial community structure was followed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-and 16S rRNA gene-based fingerprints using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) electrophoresis. Species composition was determined by sequence analysis of SSCP bands. High similarities of the bacterioplankton communities across several hundred kilometers were observed in the surface water using RNA-and DNA-based fingerprints. In these surface communities, the RNA-and DNA-based fingerprints resulted in very different pattern, presumably indicating large difference between the active members of the community as represented by RNA-based fingerprints and the present members represented by the DNA-based fingerprints. This large discrepancy changed gradually over depth, resulting in highly similar RNA-and DNA-based fingerprints in the anoxic part of the water column below 130 m depth. A conceivable mechanism explaining this high similarity could be the reduced oxidative stress in the anoxic zone. The stable communities on the surface and in the anoxic zone indicate the strong influence of the hydrography on the bacterioplankton community structure. Comparative analysis of RNA-and DNA-based community structure provided criteria for the identification of the core community, its key members and their links to biogeochemical functions. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 195-212; doi:10.1038/ismej.2011; published online 23 June 2011Subject Category: microbial ecology and functional diversity of natural habitats

show abstract

Section: Utility Of Cordaf For the Understanding Of Bacterial Communimentioning

confidence: 65%

Analysis of bacterial core communities in the central Baltic by comparative RNA–DNA-based fingerprinting provides links to structure–function relationships

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An important feature of the starvation response is the ability of starving cells to mount a general resistance to stress (14,28,38). Perturbations of the adaptation process may thus affect the development of protection against some stress conditions.…”

Section: Materuils and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stringent control during carbon starvation of marine Vibrio sp. strain S14: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and deletion of the relA gene

et al. 1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to evaluate the role of the stringent response in starvation adaptations of the marine Vtbrio sp. strain S14, we have cloned the relA gene and generated relaxed mutants of this organism. The concentrations of biologically available nutrients are generally low in natural bacterial habitats (34, 35), and adaptations to restrictions in nutrient and energy availability may contribute significantly to the fitness of bacteria in such environments. Marine vibrios are adequate models for studies of starvation responses, and their adaptations include the development of general stress resistance and the ability to survive extended periods of complete carbon and energy starvation. Alterations in cell surface components, adhesive properties, nutrient scavenging, and uptake systems are commonly observed (reviewed in references 21, 22, and 33). The marine isolate Vibrio sp. strain S14 has served as a model organism in many of these studies (38). It responds to multiplenutrient starvation by a developmental process comprising the temporally ordered induction of more than 66 starvationinduced (Sti) proteins (39). The identities of the Sti proteins are, with some exceptions (17), unknown, but it is assumed that phenotypic adaptations during the starvation response can be ascribed to the induction of specific Sti proteins. That is the case with Escherichia coli, in which several of the phenotypes that are expressed during stationary phase are dependent on specific members of the as or RpoS regulon (14).The transition of growing Vbrio sp. strain S14 cells to multiple-nutrient starvation includes the induction of the stringent response (39), a regulatory network with pleiotropic effects on cellular physiology, primarily studied as it occurs in E. coli (3). Evidence for a role of the stringent response in the starvation adaptation of Vibrio sp. strain S14 was obtained

show abstract

“…Stationary-phase bacteria are starved or stressed cultures. Starved bacteria undergo various changes that are crucial for their survival (20,30). In E. coli it includes increased expression of over 40 proteins (38), some of which confer on the bacterium resistance to other stresses (21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological functions of hydroperoxidases in Rhodobacter capsulatus

1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rhiodobacter capsulatus Jl has two hydroperoxidases: a catalase-peroxidase and a peroxidase. A mutant strain, AH18, that had no catalase-peroxidase was isolated. The growth rate under aerobic and photosynthetic conditions, respiration, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, and pigment content of the mutant were similar to those of the wild type. AH18 was more susceptible to killing and to inhibition of nitrogenase by H202 but not by molecular oxygen. The incidences of spontaneous mutations were similar in both strains. Viable counts in aerobic but not anaerobic cultures of AH18 started to decline as soon as the cultures reached the stationary phase, and the rate of cell death was much higher in AH18 than in the wild type. It is inferred that the peroxidase provides protection against H202 in log-phase cells and that the catalase-peroxidase provides protection under the oxidative conditions that prevail in aging cultures. This protective function might be related to the dual activity of the latter as a catalase and a peroxidase or to its capacity to oxidize NADH, NADPH, and cytochrome c.Metabolic activation of molecular oxygen very often results in the production of hydrogen peroxide, which has been shown to be deleterious to most cellular components (12,29). The potential damage is especially significant in cells faced with stresses characteristic of special conditions. For example, photosynthetic organisms are challenged by the photodynamic reactions that enhance partial reduction of 02 (12); in nitrogen-free medium, diazotrophs are vulnerable because of the extreme lability to oxygen of the nitrogen fixation system (35); and elevated steady-state concentrations of toxic oxygen products play a significant role in aging of cells and tissues (15,16,35). Hydrogen peroxide is metabolized by three different types of hydroperoxidases: catalase, peroxidase, and catalase-peroxidase. The typical catalases, which catalyze the dismutation of H202 to 02 and H20, have been isolated from animals, plants, and microorganisms (7, 10). It is generally accepted that the major physiological role of the typical catalase is protection of the cells against the damaging effect of hydrogen peroxide (7). Peroxidase, which catalyzes oxidation of H202 by a large variety of substrates, also may function in detoxifying hydrogen peroxide as well as in various cellular activities of biosynthesis and degradation (12). The catalase-peroxidases, which were only recently classified as a distinct group of enzymes (19,33) tochrome c (unpublished data). These enzymes share biochemical and physicochemical properties with both catalases and peroxidases. Like the typical catalases they are tetramers, with a combined molecular mass of about 240,000 Da, and they have hydrophobic properties exhibited by their binding to phenyl-Sepharose. Unlike typical catalases and similar to peroxidases, the catalase-peroxidases are inactivated by ethanol-chloroform and are not inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, they have a sharp dependence of their activity...

show abstract

Genetic Basis of Starvation Survival in Nondifferentiating Bacteria

Cited by 320 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of bacterial core communities in the central Baltic by comparative RNA–DNA-based fingerprinting provides links to structure–function relationships

Analysis of bacterial core communities in the central Baltic by comparative RNA–DNA-based fingerprinting provides links to structure–function relationships

Stringent control during carbon starvation of marine Vibrio sp. strain S14: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and deletion of the relA gene

Physiological functions of hydroperoxidases in Rhodobacter capsulatus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About