Genetic basis of offspring number–body weight tradeoff in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Akhund-Zade, Jamilla; Lall, Shraddha; Gajda, Erika; Yoon, Denise; Ayroles, Julien F.; Bivort, Benjamin L. de

doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkab129

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…By contrasts, relatively small eggs tend to hatch faster but at a lower survival rate ( 54 , 60 ). Egg production is also a measure of female fecundity because represents the number of offspring ( 61 , 62 ). In this study, number of eggs laid ( Figure 5A ) and weight of egg pod ( Figure 5B ) decreased significantly after microsporidian infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of yolk formation, oviposition and egg quality of locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Paranosema locustae

Wang

Tang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Locusta migratoria manilensis is one of the most important agricultural pests in China. The locust has high fecundity and consumes large quantities of food, causing severe damage to diverse crops such as corn, sorghum, and rice. Immunity against pathogens and reproductive success are two important components of individual fitness, and many insects have a trade-off between reproduction and immunity when resources are limited, which may be an important target for pest control. In this study, adult females L. migratoria manilensis were treated with different concentrations (5 × 106 spores/mL or 2 × 107 spores/mL) of the entomopathogenic fungus Paranosema locustae. Effects of input to immunity on reproduction were studied by measuring feeding amount, enzyme activity, vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) production, ovary development, and oviposition amount. When infected by P. locustae, feeding rate and phenol oxidase and lysozyme activities increased, mRNA expression of Vg and VgR genes decreased, and yolk deposition was blocked. Weight of ovaries decreased, with significant decreases in egg, length and weight.Thus, locusts used nutritive input required for reproduction to resist invasion by microsporidia. This leads to a decrease in expression of Vg and VgR genes inhibited ovarian development, and greatly decreased total fecundity. P. locustae at 2 × 107 spores/mL had a more obvious inhibitory effect on the ovarian development in migratory locusts. This study provides a detailed trade-off between reproduction and immune input of the female, which provides a reliable basis to find pest targets for biological control from those trade-off processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of yolk formation, oviposition and egg quality of locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Paranosema locustae

Wang

Tang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…The offspring of those gravid females were inbred for several generations, then 205 lines were sequenced and made available to the public. This allows for a standard genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach to determining the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and has been used widely for several different phenotypes [31][32][33][34][35][36], including response to infection [21,37,38]. The second panel is the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) [39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic basis of variation immune defense againstLysinibacillus fusiformisinfection inDrosophila melanogaster

Smith

Patch

Unckless

2022

Preprint

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The genetic causes of phenotypic variation often differ depending on the population examined, particularly if the populations were founded by relatively small numbers of genotypes. Similarly, the genetic causes of phenotypic variation among similar traits (resistance to different xenobiotic compounds or pathogens) may also be completely different or only partially overlapping. Differences in genetic causes for variation in the same trait among populations suggests considerable context dependence for how selection might act on those traits. Similarities in the genetic causes of variation for different traits, on the other hand, suggests pleiotropy which also would influence how natural selection would shape variation in a trait. We characterized immune defense against a naturalDrosophilapathogen, the Gram-positiveLysinibacillus fusiformis, in three different populations and found almost no overlap in the genetic architecture of variation in survival post infection. However, when comparing our results to a similar experiment with the fungal pathogen,B. bassiana, we found a convincing shared QTL peak for both pathogens. This peak contains theBomanincluster ofDrosophilaimmune effectors. RNAi knockdown experiments confirms a role of some of these genes in immune defense against both pathogens. This suggests that natural selection may act on the entire cluster ofBomaningenes (and the linked region under the QTL) or specific peptides for specific pathogens.Author SummaryLike most traits, the way individuals respond to infection vary among individuals within a population. Some of this variation is caused by genetic differences in the host organism. Over the past decade, two prominent resources were developed to assess genetic variation for complex traits of the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogasterand map the genetic variants responsible. We recently described a strain ofLysinibacillus fusiformisbacteria, which was isolated from fruit flies and is moderately virulent when flies are infected. We mapped genetic variation in resistanceL. fusiformisusing these mapping resources. We find that among the resources, different changes were associated with immune defense. However, we also found that within a resource, the same region of the genome was associated with resistance to bothL. fusiformisand a fungal pathogen. These results suggest that different populations adapt differently to the same pathogens, but two distinct pathogens share similar causes of genetic variation within a single population.

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“…More specifically, the data allowed for the study as to whether the peak in parental reproductive success, which was originally measured in Morimoto et al (2017a , 2017b ), coincides with the time where offspring trait (related to fitness) expression was also maximum. This allowed me to test whether (1) parental offspring number coincides with offspring quality (a parents’ reproductive “golden age”) where both the number and size of offspring are maximized or (2) there is a trade-off between offspring number and size above and beyond parental developmental and adult social environments ( Akhund-Zade et al 2021 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Parental ecological history can differentially modulate parental age effects on offspring physiological traits inDrosophila

Morimoto

2021

Current Zoology

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Parents adjust their reproductive investment over their lifespan based on their condition, age, and social environment, creating the potential for inter-generational effects to differentially affect offspring physiology. To date, however, little is known about how social environments experienced by parents throughout development and adulthood influence the effect of parental age on the expression of life-history traits in the offspring. Here, I collected data on Drosophila melanogaster offspring traits (i.e., body weight, water content and lipid reserves) from populations where either mothers, fathers both or neither parents experienced different social environments during development (larval crowding) and adulthood. Parental treatment modulated parental age effects on offspring lipid reserves but did not influence parental age effects on offspring water content. Importantly, parents in social environments where all individuals were raised in uncrowded larval densities produced daughters and sons lighter than parental treatments which produced the heaviest offspring. The peak in offspring body weight was delayed relative to the peak in parental reproductive success, but more strongly so for daughters from parental treatments where some or all males in the parental social environments were raised in crowded larval densities (irrespective of their social context), suggesting a potential father-to-daughter effect. Overall, the findings of this study reveal that parental ecological history (here, developmental and adult social environments) can modulate the effects of parental age at reproduction on the expression of offspring traits.

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Genetic basis of offspring number–body weight tradeoff in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Suppression of yolk formation, oviposition and egg quality of locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Paranosema locustae

Suppression of yolk formation, oviposition and egg quality of locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Paranosema locustae

The genetic basis of variation immune defense againstLysinibacillus fusiformisinfection inDrosophila melanogaster

Parental ecological history can differentially modulate parental age effects on offspring physiological traits inDrosophila

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