Genetic Basis for Species Vulnerability in the Cheetah

O’Brien, Stephen J.; Roelke, Melody E.; Marker, Laurie; Newman, Andrea K.; Winkler, Cheryl A.; Meltzer, D.G.A.; Colly, L. P.; Evermann, James F.; Bush, M.; Wildt, David E.

doi:10.1126/science.2983425

Cited by 752 publications

(505 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…16 Comparative genomics of cats has been studied extensively 17 and provides a resource to utilize sequence data, as it is generated, for the papillomaviruses reported here to investigate the coevolution and migration of cat species and their pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Papillomas and Papillomaviruses

et al. 2000

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Abstract. Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly species-and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. Although PV infections in the various Felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. PV-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. Seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavirus L1 gene product, revealed that feline PV capsid epitopes were conserved to various degrees. This battery of monoclonal antibodies established differential expression patterns among cutaneous and oral PVs of snow leopards and domestic cats, suggesting that they represent distinct viruses. Clinically, the lesions in all species and anatomic sites were locally extensive and frequently multiple. Histologically, the areas of epidermal hyperplasia were flat with a similarity to benign tumors induced by cutaneotropic, carcinogenic PVs in immunosuppressed human patients. Limited restriction endonuclease analyses of viral genomic DNA confirmed the variability among three viral genomes recovered from available frozen tissue. Because most previous PV isolates have been species specific, these studies suggest that at least eight different cat papillomaviruses infect the oral cavity (tentative designa-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Papillomas and Papillomaviruses

et al. 2000

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“…Além disso, as coleções científicas localizadas na região Norte precisam receber maior estímulo para o trabalho de inventariamento e formação de sistematas especializados em grupos marinhos, possibilitando o avanço na compreensão da biodiversidade de uma das regiões cientificamente mais carentes do Brasil. Outra ação importante, que pode trazer um aumento significativo na compreensão da ictiofauna marinha da região é a criação de bancos de DNA associados às coleções científicas da região, que poderão ser utilizados no esclarecimento de diversas questões relacionadas à biologia da conservação, como a identificação de espécies ou populações isoladas (Nash et al 1998, Walpole et al 2001, o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo (Geyer et al 1993, Miller 1995) e a determinação do estado de conservação com base em parâmetros de estruturação da diversidade genética, bem como o desenvolvimento de análises filogenéticas e filogeográficas (O'Brien et al 1985, Avise et al 1987. Estudos espaciais e temporais de espécies ou populações utilizando marcadores moleculares também podem melhorar nosso conhecimento sobre aspectos da biogeografia e evolução da fauna brasileira, revelando relações de ancestralidade comum, possíveis rotas de migração e padrões de dispersão de espécies (Excoffier et al…”

Section: Conclusãounclassified

Conhecimento e conservação dos peixes marinhos e estuarinos (Chondrichthyes e Teleostei) da costa norte do Brasil

Marceniuk

Caires

Wosiacki³

et al. 2013

Biota Neotrop.

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The tropical western South Atlantic, which includes a substantial portion of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone, is a region of endemism broadly recognized as being of prime importance for the conservation of the marine biodiversity. The north coast of Brazil, which comprises the states of Amapá, Pará and Maranhão from the mouth of the rio Oiapoque to the mouth of the rio Parnaíba, harbors the largest continuous mangrove in the world, with approximately 8,900 km2. The high discharge of freshwater and continental sediments in the delta of the Amazonas affects the regime of tides, ocean currents, and several oceanographic processes of the north coast, with direct impact on the composition of the biota found in the region. Despite its economic value and intrinsic biological relevance, several aspects of the diversity of the marine and estuarine fishes of the region are poorly known. This situation results mainly from a historical imbalance in terms of the number of studies devoted to increasing the knowledge of the marine biota along the Brazilian coast, such as those dealing with species inventory and taxonomic revisions, which are typically concentrated in the south and southwestern portions of the country. The scientific production focused on marine organisms of the north coast is also imbalanced, and reflects the relatively small number of taxonomists and research groups working on that subject. The insufficient knowledge of the biodiversity of the marine and estuarine fishes of the north coast is an impediment to the implementation of adequate public policies aimed at the management of natural resources in the region. In the long term, that situation is potentially harmful in terms of conservation of a still poorly known biota. A better understanding of the marine fish fauna of the north coast of Brazil will be achieved only through the investment in scientific research and personnel training in systematics and biogeography, coupled with the modernization of the current infrastructure and expansion of scientific collections of the region.

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“…Heterozygote-advantage and rare-allele advantage, or antagonistic coevolution of host and virus whereby rare alleles to which viruses have not yet adapted have an advantage (37), maintain the MHC diversity in populations. Species with low MHC class I polymorphism like the cheetah (38,39) are thought to be at risk. Because wild mallard ducks are the reservoir for influenza viruses in nature, we are interested in the diversity and expression of MHC class I alleles within individual mallards and within the population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extensive Allelic Diversity of MHC Class I in Wild Mallard Ducks

Fleming-Canepa

Jensen

Mesa

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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MHC class I is critically involved in defense against viruses, and diversity from polygeny and polymorphism contributes to the breadth of the immune response and health of the population. In this article, we examine MHC class I diversity in wild mallard ducks, the natural host and reservoir of influenza A viruses. We previously showed domestic ducks predominantly use UAA, one of five MHC class I genes, but whether biased expression is also true for wild mallards is unknown. Using RT-PCR from blood, we examined expressed MHC class I alleles from 38 wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and identified 61 unique alleles, typically 1 or 2 expressed alleles in each individual. To determine whether expressed alleles correspond to UAA adjacent to TAP2 as in domestic ducks, we cloned and sequenced genomic UAA-TAP2 fragments from all mallards, which matched transcripts recovered and allowed us to assign most alleles as UAA. Allelic differences are primarily located in α1 and α2 domains in the residues known to interact with peptide in mammalian MHC class I, suggesting the diversity is functional. Most UAA alleles have unique residues in the cleft predicting distinct specificity; however, six alleles have an unusual conserved cleft with two cysteine residues. Residues that influence peptide-loading properties and tapasin involvement in chicken are fixed in duck alleles and suggest tapasin independence. Biased expression of one MHC class I gene may make viral escape within an individual easy, but high diversity in the population places continual pressure on the virus in the reservoir species.

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Genetic Basis for Species Vulnerability in the Cheetah

Cited by 752 publications

References 30 publications

Feline Papillomas and Papillomaviruses

Feline Papillomas and Papillomaviruses

Conhecimento e conservação dos peixes marinhos e estuarinos (Chondrichthyes e Teleostei) da costa norte do Brasil

Extensive Allelic Diversity of MHC Class I in Wild Mallard Ducks

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