2016
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0517-4
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Genetic basis for hyper production of hyaluronic acid in natural and engineered microorganisms

Abstract: Hyaluronic acid, or HA, is a rigid and linear biopolymer belonging to the class of the glycosaminoglycans, and composed of repeating units of the monosaccharides glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. HA has multiple important functions in the human body, due to its properties such as bio-compatibility, lubricity and hydrophilicity, it is widely applied in the biomedical, food, health and cosmetic fields. The growing interest in this molecule has motivated the discovery of new ways of obtaining it. Tradition… Show more

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Cited by 99 publications
(100 citation statements)
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References 104 publications
(166 reference statements)
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“…Despite the extraction protocols were improved over the years, this methodology was always hampered by several technical limitations which led to the production of highly polydispersed HA (MW ≥ 10 6 Da) with low yield [1,46]. This was due to the polymer intrinsic polydispersity, its low concentration in the tissues, and its uncontrolled degradation caused by the endogenous HYAL and the harsh isolation conditions [46,49]. Additional disadvantages of animal-derived HA were represented by the risk of biological contamination -presence of proteins, nucleic acids and viruses-and by the high purification costs [46,49,124].…”
Section: Industrial Production Of Hamentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Despite the extraction protocols were improved over the years, this methodology was always hampered by several technical limitations which led to the production of highly polydispersed HA (MW ≥ 10 6 Da) with low yield [1,46]. This was due to the polymer intrinsic polydispersity, its low concentration in the tissues, and its uncontrolled degradation caused by the endogenous HYAL and the harsh isolation conditions [46,49]. Additional disadvantages of animal-derived HA were represented by the risk of biological contamination -presence of proteins, nucleic acids and viruses-and by the high purification costs [46,49,124].…”
Section: Industrial Production Of Hamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…infected by the Chlorovirus [49,83]-, yeasts such as Cryptococcus neoformans- [49] and molluscs [84]. However, it is not found in fungi, plants and insects [85].…”
Section: Ha Occurrence In Living Organism and Diffusion In Human Bodymentioning
confidence: 99%
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