Genetic approaches to exploit landraces for improvement of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum in the age of climate change

Broccanello, Chiara; Bellin, Diana; DalCorso, Giovanni; Furini, Antonella; Taranto, Francesca

doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1101271

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…Landraces and old wheat cultivars demonstrate remarkable genetic variation, making a valuable resource for improving modern varieties. especially in terms of quality (Broccanello et al, 2023). The ex situ and in situ landraces used in our study exhibited higher protein and wet gluten content values compared to the standard cultivars in both years, overlapped with the literature.…”

Section: Test Weightsupporting

confidence: 76%

QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum L.) GERMPLASM UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED FIELD CONDITIONS

KÖKEN

Demirel

Çalışkan

et al. 2023

Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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Wheat is usually grown as a rainfed crop, and no irrigation is applied in most production fields. This study was undertaken to evaluate to quality characteristics of durum wheat germplasm in three different environments under rainfed and irrigated field conditions during 2019-2020, 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 growing seasons. Supplemental irrigations (SI) were applied during critical vegetative stages (spiking and grain filling) in irrigated treatments while plants only received water from natural rainfall in rainfed treatments. Field experiments were performed in a 12x12 Alpha Lattice design with two replications. Grain protein content (GPC), starch content, wet gluten content and test weight were examined for one hundred and twenty-five durum wheat genotypes which consist of fifty-one local cultivars, twenty-one foreign cultivars, forty-four gene bank landraces (ex situ) and fifteen landraces (in situ). SI resulted in decrease in GPC and wet gluten content but increase in starch content. Ex situ landraces (17.48%) and in situ landraces (16.62%) had higher GPC mean values under both rainfed and irrigated conditions in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. Correlation coefficient was 0.90 between GPC-wet gluten content while it was -0.82 and -073 between starch content-GPC and starch content-wet gluten content, respectively. The effect of SI was more evident in local and foreign cultivars in all three environments compared to landraces. Our results indicated that ex situ landraces has a great potential in terms of grain quality characteristics. The high genotypic diversity and improved quality characteristics in landraces provided extensive insights for future studies to improve crop quality in areas with limited irrigation opportunities.

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Section: Test Weightsupporting

confidence: 76%

QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum L.) GERMPLASM UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED FIELD CONDITIONS

KÖKEN

Demirel

Çalışkan

et al. 2023

Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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“…The reason for the underutilization of landraces in breeding programs could be, among others, their tall height and late maturity [ 66 ]. However, the local landraces with high genetic diversity can serve as potential sources of new alleles for crop improvement [ 18 ]. The selection of landraces or parent lines with the best allelic combinations for local adaptation can also be facilitated by interacting with farmers’ traditional knowledge [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher genetic variation levels for the target characteristic(s) within a species imply increased opportunities to select superior genotypes from a population [ 16 ] or to have more novel traits and alleles resilient to unpredictable climate changes and new end-user demands [ 17 ]. It is vital to explore genetic variability in landrace populations in order to understand the genetic factors behind their adaptation and to identify beneficial alleles [ 18 ]. Therefore, determining the genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat landraces can provide highly valuable information that will help us to broaden the genetic base of the germplasm used in breeding programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum, Desf) Germplasm as Revealed by Morphological and SSR Markers

Dagnaw

Mulugeta

Haileselassie

et al. 2023

Genes

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Ethiopia is considered a center of origin and diversity for durum wheat and is endowed with many diverse landraces. This research aimed to estimate the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in Ethiopian durum wheat germplasm. Thus, 104 durum wheat genotypes representing thirteen populations, three regions, and four altitudinal classes were investigated for their genetic diversity, using 10 grain quality- and grain yield-related phenotypic traits and 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) makers. The analysis of the phenotypic traits revealed a high mean Shannon diversity index (H′ = 0.78) among the genotypes and indicated a high level of phenotypic variation. The principal component analysis (PCA) classified the genotypes into three groups. The SSR markers showed a high mean value of polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.50) and gene diversity (h = 0.56), and a moderate number of alleles per locus (Na = 4). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a high level of variation within populations, regions, and altitudinal classes, accounting for 88%, 97%, and 97% of the total variation, respectively. Pairwise genetic differentiation and Nei’s genetic distance analyses identified that the cultivars are distinct from the landrace populations. The distance-based (Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component (DAPC) and Minimum Spanning Network (MSN)) and model-based population stratification (STRUCTURE) methods of clustering grouped the genotypes into two clusters. Both the phenotypic data-based PCA and the molecular data-based DAPC and MSN analyses defined distinct groupings of cultivars and landraces. The phenotypic and molecular diversity analyses highlighted the high genetic variation in the Ethiopian durum wheat gene pool. The investigated SSRs showed significant associations with one or more target phenotypic traits. The markers identify landraces with high grain yield and quality traits. This study highlights the usefulness of Ethiopian landraces for cultivar development, contributing to food security in the region and beyond.

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“…These studies revealed the adaptive capacity of this material to novel conditions and its potential use in breeding programs. Therefore, landraces and indigenous varieties germplasm constitutes a valuable source for breeding resilient cultivars, focusing on adaptation traits under the rapidly changing climatic conditions [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Landraces and Indigenous Varieties: A Valuable Source of Genes for Plant Breeding

Lazaridi,

Kapazoglou,

Gerakari

et al. 2024

Plants

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Landraces and indigenous varieties comprise valuable sources of crop species diversity. Their utilization in plant breeding may lead to increased yield and enhanced quality traits, as well as resilience to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Recently, new approaches based on the rapid advancement of genomic technologies such as deciphering of pangenomes, multi-omics tools, marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing greatly facilitated the exploitation of landraces in modern plant breeding. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the implementation of new genomic technologies and highlight their importance in pinpointing the genetic basis of desirable traits in landraces and indigenous varieties of annual, perennial herbaceous, and woody crop species cultivated in the Mediterranean region. The need for further employment of advanced -omic technologies to unravel the full potential of landraces and indigenous varieties underutilized genetic diversity is also indicated. Ultimately, the large amount of genomic data emerging from the investigation of landraces and indigenous varieties reveals their potential as a source of valuable genes and traits for breeding. The role of landraces and indigenous varieties in mitigating the ongoing risks posed by climate change in agriculture and food security is also highlighted.

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Genetic approaches to exploit landraces for improvement of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum in the age of climate change

Cited by 9 publications

References 217 publications

QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum L.) GERMPLASM UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED FIELD CONDITIONS

QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum L.) GERMPLASM UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED FIELD CONDITIONS

Genetic Diversity of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum, Desf) Germplasm as Revealed by Morphological and SSR Markers

Crop Landraces and Indigenous Varieties: A Valuable Source of Genes for Plant Breeding

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