Genetic, antimicrobial resistance profile and mortality rates of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in Brazil: A systematic review

Abstract

The increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria - including Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) - has been reported globally. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the risk factors of A. baumannii infection, its resistance profile, reservoirs and mortality rates in Brazil. Data from over 3,000 patients were included. Results suggested that A. baumannii is widely transmitted in Brazil and the endemic clones ST1, ST15, ST 25, ST79, ST162 and ST730 were the most reported; also, blaOXA23, blaOXA51 and blaOXA143 were common resistant genes. The risk factors for A. baumannii infectionincluded the procedure of using invasive devices, previous antibiotic therapy, hemodialysis, comorbidities and higher scores on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). Two out of five studies identified multidrug resistant A. baumannii to polymyxin. Mortality rates varied between 43.7% to 81%, except for the ST25 strain in which there was a 100% mortality rate. Mortality was associated with sepsis, respiratory infection, septic shock, old age (>60 years) and administration of norepinephrine. Nonetheless, this review highlights the need for more data on A. baumannii infectionacross Brazil to support public policies aiming to control and prevent the dissemination of this bacteria.

Green Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Using Calotropis gigantea from Ie Seu-Um Geothermal Area, Aceh Province, Indonesia

“…AgNPs may also induce apoptosis against bacterial cells by producing reactive oxygen species and free radicals, concomitant with the release of Ag + from AgNPs and followed by a reaction with thiol groups [22][23][24]. Therefore, it is of importance to develop AgNPs as an efficacious antibacterial agent to curb the global health burden caused by bacterial infection, especially with the increasing trend of multidrug-resistant bacteria [25]. To achieve that, green synthesis using bioactive phytocompounds may enhance the bioactivity of AgNPs, as they possess the ability to overcome bacterial-drug-resistant mechanisms [21,26].…”

Carbapenemase genes in clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from Quito, Ecuador

“…have become an important cause of health care-associated infections (HAIs), contributing to increase mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs) ( Castanheira, Mendes & Gales, 2023 ). Of the all Acinetobacter species, A. baumannii is predominant in clinical settings ( Evans, Hamouda & Amyes, 2013 ; Silva et al, 2022 ) although non- baumannii species are also considered clinically important ( Al Atrouni et al, 2016a ). The World Health Organization (2017) elevated A. baumannii to the top of the list of critical pathogens.…”

Fungal–Bacterial Co-Infections and Super-Infections among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review

“…Additionally, co-infections and super-infections, particularly in countries with limited resources, are thought to play a role in the relatively high incidence of severe infection and mortality in SARS-CoV-2. These factors, along with a lack of natural immunity and viral replication in the lower respiratory tract, are thought to contribute to severe lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome [ 17 ]. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to systematically review fungal–bacterial co-infections and super-infections among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.…”