Genetic and physiological variation in two strains of Japanese quail

Abstract

Background Detecting the genetic and physiological variations in two Japanese quail strains could be used to suggest a new avian model for future breeding studies. Consequently, two estimations were performed on two Japanese quail strains: gray quail strain (GJQS) and white jumbo quail strain (WJQS). The first estimation was conducted on carcass characteristics, breast muscles, breast concentration of collagen type I, and body measurements. In contrast, blood samples were collected for the second estimation for genomic DNA extraction and genetic analysis. Results A total of 62 alleles out of 97 specific alleles (63.92%) were detected overall loci (14 microsatellite loci) for the two strains. A total of 27 specific alleles of WJQS were observed, and 35 were obtained for GJQS. The percentage of similarity was 48.09% ranged from 4.35 with UBC001 to 100% with GUJ0051. WJQS had greater body weights and a higher value of pectoral muscle and supracoracoideus muscle than GJQS. The breast muscles of GJQS exhibited a higher concentration of type I collagen than the WJQS. Furthermore, males showed higher concentrations of collagen type I than females. WJQS showed a higher body length, chest girth, chest length, thigh length, thigh girth, drumstick length, and drumstick girth (cm) than GJQS. WJQS showed more significant differences in carcass traits compared with GJQS. Conclusion The physiological differences between WJQS and GJQS were ascertained with microsatellite markers, which indicated high polymorphism between these strains. These observations provided a scientific basis for evaluating and utilizing the genetic resources of WJQS and GJQS in a future genetic improvement program.

Genetic Diversity Between Baladi Chicken Breed and Sasso and Ross Strains Using Microsatellite Markers

“…A total of 60 individuals as 20 blood samples for each of two commercial strains Sasso and Ross and one local breed; Baladi under Sinai environmental conditions, were assayed in the present study which was collected from South Sinai Research Station located at Ras Sudr, Desert Research Center, Matariya, Cairo, Egypt. DNA isolation was carried out as previously described by Ibrahim et al (2021) and conserved in National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.…”

“…Habimana et al (2020) reported that 305 alleles were observed at the 28 microsatellite loci with an average of 10.89 alleles per microsatellite marker. Finally, Ibrahim et al (2021) investigated that a total of 62 alleles out of 97 specific alleles (63.92%) was detected overall loci (14 microsatellite loci) for the two strains. According to Barker (1994), who indicated that the average number of alleles per locus in studies of genetic distances should be > 4 to lower the standard error in the calculati on of genetic distances.…”

“…Roushdy and El-Sayed (2017) reported that the Silver Montazah and Mandara chicken strains, as well as Beige and Grey quail lines, had mean allele frequencies ranging from 0.13 (UBC005) to 0.50 (GUJ0029) for Silver Montazah and from 0.17 (MCW0167 and UBC002) to 0.50 (MCW0126, MCW0114, and GUJ0029) for Mandara chicken strains, while Beige and Grey quail lines had mean allele frequencies ranging from 0.10 (UBC001) to 0.50 (MCW0127 and MCW0200) for Beige and from 0.13 (MCW0114 ,GUJ0028 and UBC002) to 1.00 (MCW0200) for Grey quail lines. Ibrahim et al (2021) detected that 1.00 of white jumbo quail strains (WJQS's) highest allele frequencies was 80 at GUJ0048, and the lowest was 65 at GUJ0051. Also, the loci GUJ0013 and GUJ0053 had the highest estimated average allele frequency of 0.33.…”

“…Ding et al (2010) reported that the Bian chicken had the highest polymorphism information content (0.5168) and heterozygote frequency (0.5750), while Jinghai chicken had the lowest at 0.4915 and 0.5505. Ibrahim et al (2021) reported that in GUJ0053 and UBC001, the PIC for WJQS ranged from 0.19 to 0.89, with a mean of 0.58 in white jumbo quail strain WJQS. In GUJ0053 and UBC001, it varied from 0.32 to 0.89, with a mean of 0.62 in GJQS.…”

Long-Lasting Effects of Incubation Temperature During Fetal Development on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Broilers

“…Broiler lines genetically selected for higher and faster growth and higher feed efficiency and meat yield also exhibit greater liver growth and excessive adiposity ( Tavárez and Solis de los Santos, 2016 ; Zaefarian et al, 2019 ) and higher sensitive to chronic heat stress ( Abo Ghanima et al, 2020 ; Ibrahim et al, 2021 ). Due to its low thermal conductivity and increased insulator capacity, adipose tissue provides an insulating barrier to heat conduction and reduces the animal’s ability to respond to ambient temperature changes ( Cooper and Trezek, 1971 ; Jequier et al, 1974 ; Savastano et al, 2009 ).…”