Genetic and phenotypic variation of Phytophthora crassamura isolates from California nurseries and restoration sites

Sims, Laura; Chee, Cameron; Bourret, Tyler B.; Hunter, Shannon; Garbelotto, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2018.11.012

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The movement of plants from nurseries to natural and managed ecosystems represents one of the main pathways of spreading of non-native Phytophthora spp. as well as of their introduction in new environments [31][32][33]. In turn, the finding in forests and natural ecosystems of aggressive Phytophthosa spp., typically associated to cultivated plants, suggests plant diversity conservation sites may be reservoirs of Phytophthora inoculum for crops [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora Diversity in a Sentinel Arboretum and in a Nature Reserve Area

Riolo

Aloi

Spada

et al. 2020

The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science

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Most soilborne Phytophthora species are invasive plant pathogens, and nursery plants for transplanting are considered a primary pathway for the introduction of exotic Phytophthora species into plant diversity conservation sites. As a preliminary contribution to the study of Phytophthora populations in plant conservation sites, we compared the diversity of Phytophthora in the protected natural area Complesso Speleologico Villasmundo S. Alfio Nature Reserve (NR) (Siracusa) and the botanical garden (BG) of the University of Catania, eastern Sicily (Italy). Samplings were carried out in spring 2019. Overall, 29 rhizosphere soil samples were collected, 17 from different types of vegetation in NR and 12 from different plant species in BG. Phytophthora species were recovered from soil samples by leaf baiting and isolation on a selective medium. Isolates were identified by combining morphological features with phylogenetic inferences from ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. Overall, 82 Phytophthora isolates, 30 from NR and 52 from BG, were characterized. Five Phytophthora species, P. pseudocryptogea, P. cryptogea, P. bilorbang, P. plurivora and P. gonapodyides, were recovered from NR, while only three species, P. nicotianae, P. multivora and P. parvispora, were found in BG. Factors contributing to shape Phytophthora populations of rhizosphere soil in these two vegetational contexts are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora Diversity in a Sentinel Arboretum and in a Nature Reserve Area

Riolo

Aloi

Spada

et al. 2020

The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science

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“…Phytophthora crassamura was formally described as a distinct species in 2015 from different host species of the Mediterranean maquis in the archipelago of La Maddalena [66], but it is actually widespread. Recently, it has been reported in several restoration sites in California [67] and globe artichoke plants in the main growing area in Sardinia [68]. Almost all findings of P. crassamura came from geographic areas characterized by a Mediterranean climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Phytophthora Species Associated with Emerging Olive Diseases in Italy

et al. 2023

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Extensive collar rot, sunken and bleeding cankers, shoot blight, and fruit rot symptoms on olive trees have recently been observed in several orchards in Italy. Since there is little information about the etiology of these diseases and given the high economic relevance of this iconic crop, a study was conducted from autumn 2017 to summer 2022, in four Italian regions, to define the occurrence, distribution and impact of the main pathogens involved. A total of 1064 symptomatic olive samples were collected and processed. Based on colony appearance, micromorphological analysis and DNA sequence data, thirty-eight species, including eighteen Botryosphaeriaceae species belonging to five genera and fifteen Phytophthora species, were isolated and identified, thirteen of which, Diplodia africana, D. fraxini, D. subglobosa, Dothiorella omnivora, Do. sarmentorum, Do. sempervirentis, Sardiniella urbana (Botryosphaeriaceae), Phytophthora cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. citricola, P. crassamura, P. niederhauserii and P. pseudocryptogea, are reported here for the first time in olive trees. Pathogenicity tests performed on unripe drupes and on potted olive seedlings completed Koch postulates and highlighted that several species of Botryosphaeriaceae and Phytophthora represent a growing threat to olive trees.

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“…This hypothesis is based on circumstantial evidence, including the early appearance of first symptoms soon after planting, the uniform distribution of symptomatic trees throughout the entire plantation and the absence of symptoms on young plants supplied by a local nursery used to replace dead trees. The transport with infected nursery plants has proven to be the primary cause of the spread of Phytophthora species and their introduction into agricultural and forest ecosystems [31,[51][52][53][54][55][56]. Likely, Phytophthora root and crown rot may be particularly harmful in nurseries and new plantings as young plants of paulownia are more susceptible than mature trees to infections by Phytophthora species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora Root and Collar Rot of Paulownia, a New Disease for Europe

Aloi

Riolo

Spada

et al. 2021

Forests

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Paulownia species are fast growing trees native to China, which are being grown in managed plantings in several European countries for the production of wood and biomasses. In 2018, wilting, stunting, leaf yellowing, and collapse, as a consequence of root and crown rot, were observed in around 40% of trees of a 2-year-old planting of Paulownia elongata × P. fortunei in Calabria (Southern Italy). Two species of Phytophthora were consistently recovered from roots, basal stem bark, and rhizosphere soil of symptomatic trees and were identified as Ph. nicotianae and Ph. palmivora on the basis of both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA ITS sequences. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by reproducing the symptoms on potted paulownia saplings transplanted into infested soil or stem-inoculated by wounding. Both Phytophthora species were pathogenic and caused root rot and stem cankers. Even though P. palmivora was the only species recovered from roots of naturally infected plants, in pathogenicity tests through infested soil P. nicotianae was more virulent. This is the first report of Phytophthora root and crown rot of a Paulownia species in Europe. Strategies to prevent this emerging disease include the use of healthy nursery plants, choice of well-drained soils for new plantations, and proper irrigation management.

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Genetic and phenotypic variation of Phytophthora crassamura isolates from California nurseries and restoration sites

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Phytophthora Diversity in a Sentinel Arboretum and in a Nature Reserve Area

Phytophthora Diversity in a Sentinel Arboretum and in a Nature Reserve Area

Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Phytophthora Species Associated with Emerging Olive Diseases in Italy

Phytophthora Root and Collar Rot of Paulownia, a New Disease for Europe

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