Genetic and phenotypic effects on reproductive outcomes for captively-reared coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch

Conrad, J. Louise; Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A.; Garza, John Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.04.013

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Throughout their natural range, Coho salmon typically have overlapping generation times as adults return to spawn primarily as three year olds, but two-year-old jacks (early maturing males) are also common and provide gene flow across generations (Beacham, Wetklo, Deng, & MacConnachie, 2011;Sandercock, 1991). However, hatchery programs of Coho salmon often limit the use of jacks within broodstock and distinct broodlines that follow three-year intervals can develop (Conrad, Gilbert-horvath, & Carlos, 2013;Smith et al, 2015). This phenomenon of distinct temporal structure between broodlines was apparent at the initiation of the reintroduction program in the Wenatchee River and reflects spawning practices from source hatcheries used for reintroduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of genomic variation in Coho salmon following reintroduction to the interior Columbia River

Campbell

Kamphaus

Murdoch

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Coho salmon were extirpated in the mid‐20th century from the interior reaches of the Columbia River but were reintroduced with relatively abundant source stocks from the lower Columbia River near the Pacific coast. Reintroduction of Coho salmon to the interior Columbia River (Wenatchee River) using lower river stocks placed selective pressures on the new colonizers due to substantial differences with their original habitat such as migration distance and navigation of six additional hydropower dams. We used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to genotype 5,392 SNPs in reintroduced Coho salmon in the Wenatchee River over four generations to test for signals of temporal structure and adaptive variation. Temporal genetic structure among the three broodlines of reintroduced fish was evident among the initial return years (2000, 2001, and 2002) and their descendants, which indicated levels of reproductive isolation among broodlines. Signals of adaptive variation were detected from multiple outlier tests and identified candidate genes for further study. This study illustrated that genetic variation and structure of reintroduced populations are likely to reflect source stocks for multiple generations but may shift over time once established in nature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of genomic variation in Coho salmon following reintroduction to the interior Columbia River

Campbell

Kamphaus

Murdoch

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Conservation hatcheries using molecular relatedness to develop breeding matrices that avoid inbreeding include those for southern Coho Salmon and Snake River Sockeye Salmon (Kozfkay et al 2008;Sturm et al 2009;Conrad et al 2013). The Snake River Sockeye Salmon Captive Broodstock Program implements a two-phase genetic management strategy.…”

Section: Broodstock Spawningmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fish Hatchery Genetic Management Techniques: Integrating Theory with Implementation

et al. 2015

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Artificial propagation of fish species in hatcheries has been conducted on a large scale for several decades. In recent years, however, there has been an increase in conservation hatcheries, which aim not only to produce fish for supplementing wild populations but also to preserve the genetic diversity and integrity of threatened or endangered species. Important considerations for the latter are maximizing genetic diversity and effective population size while minimizing inbreeding and adaptation to captivity. Several studies document the theoretical implementation of captive management strategies designed to achieve these goals. However, the practical application of many of these strategies to conservation hatcheries remains challenging, as the majority of the guidelines were developed for small zoo populations. The aims of this review are (1) to survey current fish conservation hatchery managers in order to assess current hatchery practices and goals; (2) to present available management strategies for conservation hatcheries that may minimize the genetic effects of artificial propagation; and (3) to present genetic management options and their trade‐offs to managers developing fish conservation hatcheries. The results of the survey suggest that the majority of the responding conservation and nonconservation hatcheries use random broodstock selection and pairing techniques while valuing the importance of maintaining genetic diversity and effective population size and minimizing inbreeding. This article reviews the application of small‐population management techniques to conservation hatcheries in an effort to increase their utility in recovery plans for endangered fish species.

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“…; Conrad et al. ; O'Reilly and Kozfkay ). The primary goal of a captive broodstock is to retain the extant population (and its genetic diversity) in protective culture until the causes that threaten persistence can be alleviated; but adults or juveniles are released in the wild if numbers are available beyond what is needed for the replacement broodstock.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Productivity and Viability of Snake River Sockeye Salmon Hatchery Adults Released into Redfish Lake, Idaho

et al. 2019

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In 1991, the Snake River Sockeye Salmon Captive Broodstock Program was initiated to prevent the extinction and preserve the genetic diversity of this evolutionarily significant unit protected by the Endangered Species Act. At the time of listing, the Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka population was considered functionally extinct. One of the recovery strategies entails the release of adults for volitional spawning in Redfish Lake, Idaho, for rebuilding of the natural population. In this paper, we describe the productivity metrics from this strategy. We evaluated eight spawn years to address three primary questions: (1) What metrics for eggs to smolts, smolts per female, and smolt‐to‐adult returns (SARs) result from recent adult releases? (2) How do these metrics compare with historical estimates for Redfish Lake and estimates for other Sockeye Salmon populations throughout the range? and (3) Does the current combination of smolts per female and SARs result in population replacement? Replacement was determined as two adult recruits per female assuming an even sex ratio. We found that the reintroduced adults, despite being derived from a multigenerational captive broodstock, were able to successfully spawn and produce offspring that migrated to the ocean and returned as adults. Smolt abundance, size, and age data suggest that the population is functioning below density dependence. However, increased smolt production did not translate into greater adult returns and this is likely due to out‐of‐basin factors. Productivity metrics were similar to those of the wild population in Redfish Lake during the 1950s and 1960s. However, both current and historic productivity estimates were near the low end of the range for other Sockeye Salmon populations and have not resulted in population replacement. Until freshwater and out‐of‐basin survival can be improved, our data suggest that adult releases will continue to be an important recovery strategy to prevent cohort collapse and to rebuild naturally spawning populations.

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Genetic and phenotypic effects on reproductive outcomes for captively-reared coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Patterns of genomic variation in Coho salmon following reintroduction to the interior Columbia River

Patterns of genomic variation in Coho salmon following reintroduction to the interior Columbia River

Fish Hatchery Genetic Management Techniques: Integrating Theory with Implementation

The Productivity and Viability of Snake River Sockeye Salmon Hatchery Adults Released into Redfish Lake, Idaho

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