Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence Between Low- And High-Altitude Populations of Two Recently Diverged Cinnamon Teal Subspecies

Wilson, R. E.; Peters, Jeffrey L.; McCracken, Kevin G.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01740.x

Cited by 39 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Elevation-related variation may be exhibited through differences in morphology, physiology, development and behaviour [11–25]. In some cases, elevation associated phenotypic differentiation coincides with population genetic structure [11,12,14,16,18,20,21,26,27], illustrating how divergent selection can shape phenotypic variation across small spatial scales when sharp ecological gradients reduce gene flow and lead to isolation by environment [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous study of genetic variation in mountain chickadees sampled small numbers of molecular markers with limited resolution for understanding fine-scale population structure [44]. Indeed, some recent studies have documented fine-scale genetic structure within other avian populations across small geographical regions, which appear to be driven by strong ecological variation [20,21,46,47]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of population structure across elevational gradients despite large phenotypic variation in mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli)

Branch¹,

Jahner²,

Kozlovsky³

et al. 2017

R. Soc. open sci.

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Montane habitats are characterized by predictably rapid heterogeneity along elevational gradients and are useful for investigating the consequences of environmental heterogeneity for local adaptation and population genetic structure. Food-caching mountain chickadees inhabit a continuous elevation gradient in the Sierra Nevada, and birds living at harsher, high elevations have better spatial memory ability and exhibit differences in male song structure and female mate preference compared to birds inhabiting milder, low elevations. While high elevation birds breed, on average, two weeks later than low elevation birds, the extent of gene flow between elevations is unknown. Despite phenotypic variation and indirect evidence for local adaptation, population genetic analyses based on 18 073 single nucleotide polymorphisms across three transects of high and low elevation populations provided no evidence for genetic differentiation. Analyses based on individual genotypes revealed no patterns of clustering, pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation (FST, Nei's D) were very low, and AMOVA revealed no evidence for genetic variation structured by transect or by low and high elevation sites within transects. In addition, we found no consistent evidence for strong parallel allele frequency divergence between low and high elevation sites within the three transects. Large elevation-related phenotypic variation may be maintained by strong selection despite gene flow and future work should focus on the mechanisms underlying such variation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of population structure across elevational gradients despite large phenotypic variation in mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli)

Branch¹,

Jahner²,

Kozlovsky³

et al. 2017

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…In fact, torrent ducks from Peru had values of mtDNA diversity more similar to those found in other ducks with Ne several orders of magnitude larger Ne (e.g., mallards; Lavretsky et al, 2015). In contrast to mtDNA, diversity estimates from nuclear DNA for the two torrent duck subspecies were lower compared to other waterfowl species (Lavretsky et al, 2015;Lavretsky et al, 2016;Peters et al, 2016;Wilson et al, 2012). In contrast to mtDNA, diversity estimates from nuclear DNA for the two torrent duck subspecies were lower compared to other waterfowl species (Lavretsky et al, 2015;Lavretsky et al, 2016;Peters et al, 2016;Wilson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Genetic Diversity and Small Effective Population Sizementioning

confidence: 74%

Old divergence and restricted gene flow between torrent duck (Merganetta armata) subspecies in the Central and Southern Andes

Alza

Lavretsky

Peters

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Aim To investigate the structure and rate of gene flow among populations of habitat‐specialized species to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes underpinning their population dynamics and historical demography, including speciation and extinction. Location Peruvian and Argentine Andes. Taxon Two subspecies of torrent duck (Merganetta armata). Methods We sampled 156 individuals in Peru (M. a. leucogenis; Chillón River, n = 57 and Pachachaca River, n = 49) and Argentina (M. a. armata; Arroyo Grande River, n = 33 and Malargüe River, n = 17), and sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region to conduct coarse and fine‐scale demographic analyses of population structure. Additionally, to test for differences between subspecies, and across genetic markers with distinct inheritance patterns, a subset of individuals (Peru, n = 10 and Argentina, n = 9) was subjected to partial genome resequencing, obtaining 4,027 autosomal and 189 Z‐linked double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA sequences. Results Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were higher in Peru than Argentina across all markers. Peruvian and Argentine subspecies showed concordant species‐level differences (ΦST mtDNA = 0.82; ΦST autosomal = 0.30; ΦST Z chromosome = 0.45), including no shared mtDNA haplotypes. Demographic parameters estimated for mtDNA using IM and IMa2 analyses, and for autosomal markers using ∂a∂i (isolation‐with‐migration model), supported an old divergence (mtDNA = 600,000 years before present (ybp), 95% HPD range = 1.2 Mya to 200,000 ybp; and autosomal ∂a∂i = 782,490 ybp), between the two subspecies, characteristic of deeply diverged lineages. The populations were well‐differentiated in Argentina but moderately differentiated in Peru, with low unidirectional gene flow in each country. Main conclusions We suggest that the South American Arid Diagonal was preexisting and remains a current phylogeographic barrier between the ranges of the two torrent duck subspecies, and the adult territoriality and breeding site fidelity to the rivers define their population structure.

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“…In contrast to the scenario proposed by Muñoz‐Fuentes et al. (2013), these results may be consistent with a south‐to‐north colonization of highland areas from the southern South American lowlands, a pattern seen in different waterfowl species (Fjeldså, 1985; McCracken, Barger, Bulgarella, Johnson, Kuhner, et al., 2009; McCracken, Bulgarella, et al., 2009; Vuilleumier, 1986a; Wilson, Peters, & McCracken, 2012). In addition, these results are consistent with a hypothesis of phenotypic evolution proposed by Siegfried (1976), who considered the black cheek of ferruginea to be an ancestral character and the white plumage of andina (and jamaicensis ) to be secondarily developed, because all species except jamaicenis and the Eurasian leucocephala have black heads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral and functionally important genes shed light on phylogeography and the history of high‐altitude colonization in a widespread New World duck

Lozano-Jaramillo

McCracken

Cadena

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Phylogeographic studies often infer historical demographic processes underlying species distributions based on patterns of neutral genetic variation, but spatial variation in functionally important genes can provide additional insights about biogeographic history allowing for inferences about the potential role of adaptation in geographic range evolution. Integrating data from neutral markers and genes involved in oxygen (O2)‐transport physiology, we test historical hypotheses about colonization and gene flow across low‐ and high‐altitude regions in the Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis), a widely distributed species in the New World. Using multilocus analyses that for the first time include populations from the Colombian Andes, we also examined the hypothesis that Ruddy Duck populations from northern South America are of hybrid origin. We found that neutral and functional genes appear to have moved into the Colombian Andes from both North America and southern South America, and that high‐altitude Colombian populations do not exhibit evidence of adaptation to hypoxia in hemoglobin genes. Therefore, the biogeographic history of Ruddy Ducks is likely more complex than previously inferred. Our new data raise questions about the hypothesis that adaptation via natural selection to high‐altitude conditions through amino acid replacements in the hemoglobin protein allowed Ruddy Ducks to disperse south along the high Andes into southern South America. The existence of shared genetic variation with populations from both North America and southern South America as well as private alleles suggests that the Colombian population of Ruddy Ducks may be of old hybrid origin. This study illustrates the breadth of inferences one can make by combining data from nuclear and functionally important loci in phylogeography, and underscores the importance of complete range‐wide sampling to study species history in complex landscapes.

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Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence Between Low- And High-Altitude Populations of Two Recently Diverged Cinnamon Teal Subspecies

Cited by 39 publications

References 89 publications

Absence of population structure across elevational gradients despite large phenotypic variation in mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli)

Absence of population structure across elevational gradients despite large phenotypic variation in mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli)

Old divergence and restricted gene flow between torrent duck (Merganetta armata) subspecies in the Central and Southern Andes

Neutral and functionally important genes shed light on phylogeography and the history of high‐altitude colonization in a widespread New World duck

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