Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (<i>Pleurobema clava</i> and <i>Pleurobema oviforme</i>) to inform conservation planning

Morrison, Cheryl L.; Johnson, Nathan A.; Jones, Jess W.; Eackles, Michael S.; Aunins, Aaron W.; Fitzgerald, Daniel B.; Hallerman, Eric M.; King, Tim L.

doi:10.1002/ece3.8219

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…For example, Johnson et al 4 used multiple lines of evidence to show that current taxonomy overestimated species diversity within the imperilled freshwater mussel genus Cyclonaias in North America. Similarly, Morrison et al 71 tested species boundaries in the North American Pleurobema species complex using genetic and morphological data, finding that the most likely scenario was that the two named species they investigated were members of a single, widespread species. Despite this growing trend of using multiple sources of evidence for species delimitation, several freshwater mussel taxa have been named based on shell morphology alone in recent decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As more studies use an integrative approach for delineating freshwater mussel species, implications for conservation are inevitable, and this is likely to take place on a global scale. For example, the suggestion that the freshwater mussel species Pleurobema clava (listed as Endangered under the Endangered Species Act in the USA) and P. oviforme (a species being considered for listing) are members of a single, widespread species will have management implications for these species 71 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated taxonomy reveals new threatened freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Hyriidae: Westralunio) from southwestern Australia

Klunzinger

Whisson

Zieritz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The freshwater mussel Westralunio carteri (Iredale, 1934) has long been considered the sole Westralunio species in Australia, limited to the Southwest and listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and under Australian legislation. Here, we used species delimitation models based on COI mtDNA sequences to confirm existence of three evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) within this taxon and conducted morphometric analyses to investigate whether shell shape differed significantly among these ESUs. “W. carteri” I was found to be significantly larger and more elongated than “W. carteri” II and “W. carteri” II + III combined, but not different from “W. carteri” III alone. We recognise and redescribe “W. carteri” I as Westralunio carteri (Iredale, 1934) from western coastal drainages and describe “W. carteri” II and “W. carteri” III as Westralunio inbisi sp. nov. from southern and lower southwestern drainages. Two subspecies are further delineated: “W. carteri” II is formally described as Westralunio inbisi inbisi subsp. nov. from southern coastal drainages, and “W. carteri” III as Westralunio inbisi meridiemus subsp. nov. from the southwestern corner. Because this study profoundly compresses the range of Westralunio carteri northward and introduces additional southern and southwestern taxa with restricted distributions, new threatened species nominations are necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated taxonomy reveals new threatened freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Hyriidae: Westralunio) from southwestern Australia

Klunzinger

Whisson

Zieritz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Hence, it is important to investigate and recognize species limits in order to inform conservation actions. The so‐called pigtoe mussels (Tribe Pleurobemini; genera Fusconaia , Pleurobema , and Pleuronaia ), which are broadly distributed in river systems in central and eastern North America (Campbell & Lydeard, 2012b; Heard & Guckert, 1970), are such a group of freshwater mussels (Campbell & Lydeard, 2012a, 2012b; Inoue et al, 2018; Morrison et al, 2021; Schilling, 2015), and those of the Ohio River basin are yet to receive sufficient phylogenetic characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another relevant example of closely related species is P. clava and P. oviforme , species endemic to the Tennessee and Cumberland River watersheds, for which Campbell et al (2008) showed few molecular differences at mtDNA genes between these taxa, although when assessed at nuclear ITS1 , differences were observed. More recently, Morrison et al (2021) conducted a rang‐wide assessment of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear microsatellite DNA and showed minimal mtDNA genetic divergence and even some haplotype sharing over wide geographic areas between the two taxa throughout the Ohio River basin, but very high divergence at microsatellite markers and distinctive morphology for a population occurring in the extreme headwaters of the upper Tennessee River basin. Therefore, utilization of nuclear as well as mitochondrial DNA sequences is critical for assessing phylogenetic differentiation among closely related species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic assessment of endangered and look‐alike Pigtoe species in a freshwater mussel diversity hotspot

Olivera-Hyde

Jones

Hallerman

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The Green River in Kentucky in the eastern United States is a freshwater mussel biodiversity hotspot, with 71 known species. Among them, the endangered Pleurobema plenum coexists with other morphologically similar species in the genera Fusconaia and Pleurobema, known colloquially as “pigtoes.” Identification of species in these genera is challenging even for mussel experts familiar with them. In our study, the correct identification of these species by experts ranged from 57% to 83%. We delineated taxonomic boundaries among seven species and tested for cryptic biodiversity among these look‐alike mussels utilizing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis of combined (1215 bp) mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) genes showed five well‐diverged groups that included F. flava, F. subrotunda, P. cordatum, and P. plenum as distinct clades, with P. sintoxia and P. rubrum grouped into a single clade. While our mitochondrial DNA analyses did not distinguish P. sintoxia and P. rubrum as phylogenetically distinct species, the typical shell forms of these two nominal taxa are very distinct. Further phylogenetic analysis using nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacer region subunit I (ITS1) DNA sequences also showed that P. sintoxia and P. rubrum were not distinct lineages. No cryptic species were detected in the Fusconaia and Pleurobema samples analyzed from the Green River. The highest haplotype diversity (h), average number of nucleotide differences (k), and nucleotide diversity (π) were observed for F. subrotunda at both the COI (h = 0.896, k = 3.805, π = 0.00808) and ND1 (h = 0.984, k = 6.595, π = 0.00886) markers, with similarly high genetic diversity in the other taxa. Our results give managers confidence that cryptic taxa do not occur within or among these morphologically similar species in the Green River, and populations appear genetically diverse, indicative of large and healthy populations.

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“…Unionids in the North American tribe Pleurobemini Hannibel, 1912 are prone to high levels of misidentification due to subtle interspecific differences and high levels of intraspecific variation in shell morphology (Campbell and Lydeard 2012;Inoue et al 2018). This has led to inaccurate taxonomic hypotheses for many species, and molecular data has shown to be useful in distinguishing species boundaries and their ranges in this group (Campbell and Lydeard 2012;Pieri et al 2018;Morrison et al 2021). The pleurobemine genus Fusco naia Simpson, 1900 consists of 13 species endemic to the United States and Canada (Williams et al 2017;Pieri et al 2018;Smith et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding identifies a novel population of the imperiled Trinity Pigtoe, Fusconaia chunii (Lea, 1862) (Bivalvia, Unionidae), in the San Jacinto River drainage in Texas

Smith¹,

Robertson²,

Randklev³

2022

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The Trinity Pigtoe, Fusconaia chunii (Lea, 1862), is a freshwater mussel endemic to the Trinity River drainage in Texas. Here, we report the first population of F. chunii in the San Jacinto River drainage in Texas. We identified three specimens of F. chunii using DNA barcoding, which were morphologically indistinguishable from syntopic Fusconaia flava (Rafinesque, 1820). A similar issue occurs in the Trinity River drainage. Fusconaia chunii is listed as state threatened, and future research is necessary to assess its status within the San Jacinto River drainage

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Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 6 publications

References 160 publications

Integrated taxonomy reveals new threatened freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Hyriidae: Westralunio) from southwestern Australia

Integrated taxonomy reveals new threatened freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Hyriidae: Westralunio) from southwestern Australia

Phylogenetic assessment of endangered and look‐alike Pigtoe species in a freshwater mussel diversity hotspot

DNA barcoding identifies a novel population of the imperiled Trinity Pigtoe, Fusconaia chunii (Lea, 1862) (Bivalvia, Unionidae), in the San Jacinto River drainage in Texas

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