Abstract:Twenty-six microsatellite markers, along with two restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and three morphological markers, have been mapped to five linkage groups, corresponding to the five autosomes of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. All these molecular and genetic markers were genotyped in three-generation pedigrees. Eight molecular markers were also localized to the salivary gland polytene chromosomes by in situ hybridization. This provides a substantial starting point for an in… Show more
“…melanogaster sex lethal gene
Bactrocera oleae
cDNA
79-5R
79-5R
117, 148
st
The orthologue of the D . melanogaster scarlet gene
Bactrocera tryoni
genomic
83-6L
83-6L
117, 149
Figure 6
In situ hybridization on the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Ceratitis fasciventris . ( a ) hybridization site of the hsp70 probe; ( b ) hybridization site of the w probe; ( c ) hybridization site of the sxl probe and ( d ) hybridization site of the st probe.…”
Ceratitis fasciventris is a serious agricultural pest of the Tephritidae family that belongs to the African Ceratitis FAR species complex. Species limits within the FAR complex are obscure and multidisciplinary approaches have attempted to resolve phylogenetic relationships among its members. These studies support the existence of at least three additional species in the complex, C. anonnae, C. rosa and C. quilicii, while they indicate the presence of two structured populations (F1 and F2) within the C. fasciventris species. In the present study we present the mitotic karyotype, polytene chromosome maps, in situ hybridization data and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of an F2 population of C. fasciventris. This is the first polytene chromosome map and complete mitogenome of a member of the FAR complex and only the second reported for the Ceratitis genus. Both polytene chromosomes and mitochondrial sequence could provide valuable information and be used as reference for comparative analysis among the members of the complex towards the clarification of their phylogenetic relationships.
“…melanogaster sex lethal gene
Bactrocera oleae
cDNA
79-5R
79-5R
117, 148
st
The orthologue of the D . melanogaster scarlet gene
Bactrocera tryoni
genomic
83-6L
83-6L
117, 149
Figure 6
In situ hybridization on the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Ceratitis fasciventris . ( a ) hybridization site of the hsp70 probe; ( b ) hybridization site of the w probe; ( c ) hybridization site of the sxl probe and ( d ) hybridization site of the st probe.…”
Ceratitis fasciventris is a serious agricultural pest of the Tephritidae family that belongs to the African Ceratitis FAR species complex. Species limits within the FAR complex are obscure and multidisciplinary approaches have attempted to resolve phylogenetic relationships among its members. These studies support the existence of at least three additional species in the complex, C. anonnae, C. rosa and C. quilicii, while they indicate the presence of two structured populations (F1 and F2) within the C. fasciventris species. In the present study we present the mitotic karyotype, polytene chromosome maps, in situ hybridization data and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of an F2 population of C. fasciventris. This is the first polytene chromosome map and complete mitogenome of a member of the FAR complex and only the second reported for the Ceratitis genus. Both polytene chromosomes and mitochondrial sequence could provide valuable information and be used as reference for comparative analysis among the members of the complex towards the clarification of their phylogenetic relationships.
“…Amongst the 29 loci, 5 pairs are known to be closely linked, 51 pairs to be loosely linked, and 197 to be unlinked [24]. For the remaining 153 locus pairs, one or both chromosomes are unknown.…”
There is a substantial literature on the use of linkage disequilibrium (LD) to estimate effective population size using unlinked loci. The estimates are extremely sensitive to the sampling process, and there is currently no theory to cope with the possible biases. We derive formulae for the analysis of idealised populations mating at random with multi-allelic (microsatellite) loci. The ‘Burrows composite index’ is introduced in a novel way with a ‘composite haplotype table’. We show that in a sample of diploid size , the mean value of or from the composite haplotype table is biased by a factor of , rather than the usual factor for a conventional haplotype table. But analysis of population data using these formulae leads to estimates that are unrealistically low. We provide theory and simulation to show that this bias towards low estimates is due to null alleles, and introduce a randomised permutation correction to compensate for the bias. We also consider the effect of introducing a within-locus disequilibrium factor to , and find that this factor leads to a bias in the estimate. However this bias can be overcome using the same randomised permutation correction, to yield an altered with lower variance than the original , and one that is also insensitive to null alleles. The resulting formulae are used to provide estimates on 40 samples of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from populations with widely divergent expectations. Linkage relationships are known for most of the microsatellite loci in this species. We find that there is little difference in the estimated values from using known unlinked loci as compared to using all loci, which is important for conservation studies where linkage relationships are unknown.
“…Genetic markers like the radiation-induced white-eyed mutant gene, and the recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein gene, have been used to mark the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Handler 2002) and the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Handler & Harell 2001), respectively. Visible genetic mutations such as orange eyes, white marks and bent wings Zhao et al 2003) have been used to identify released Queensland fruit flies, Bactrocera *Author for correspondence, E-mail: makumbelouisa@gmail.com tryoni (Froggatt) in MRR studies (Weldon & Meats 2007). These techniques provide permanent and visible external markers on a strain of insects that can be mass-reared for studies (Saul & McCombs 1992).…”
Daylight fluorescent pigment powders are frequently used to self-mark tephritid flies that are released in sterile insect technique programmes and for studies on their population ecology, movement and behaviour. This study was conducted to determine the effects of pigment colour and dose in marking the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Six pigment colours (Astral Pink 1, Blaze 5, Stellar Green 8, Lunar Yellow 27, Comet Blue 60 and Invisible Blue 70) were applied to pupae at doses of 0, 2, 4, or 6 g/l. Under laboratory conditions, pigment colour had a small but significant effect on the number of partially emerged and deformed adults; the fewest of these were observed when flies were marked with Astral Pink 1. Pigment concentration, on the other hand, had no effect on adult emergence, partial emergence, deformed adults and mortality on the last day of eclosion. There was no significant effect of pigment colour on adult survival under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, however, there was an effect of pigment concentration on adult survival depending on pigment colour. Visibility under an ultraviolet light and persistence of marks was significantly affected by pigment colour and concentration when observed under laboratory conditions, but not under semi-field conditions. Regardless of colour or dose, pigments used in the study were visible for at least 14 days, but began to fade by 21 days after adult eclosion. To mark B. dorsalis under temperate, warm summer African conditions, all pigment colours tested in this study may be applied at 2-4 g/l pupae. Recaptures of marked and released flies may be underestimated as the flies age.
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